Perovskite Quantum Dots: Fabrication, Degradation, and Enhanced Performance Across Solar Cells, Optoelectronics, and Quantum Technologies

Abstract

Metal halide perovskites exhibit excellent absorption properties, high carrier mobility, and remarkable charge transfer ability, showcasing significant potential as light harvesters in new-generation photovoltaic and optoelectronic technologies. Their development has seen unprecedented growth since their discovery. Similar to metal halide perovskite developments, perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have demonstrated significant versatility in terms of shape, dimension, bandgap, and optical properties, making them suitable for the development of optoelectronic devices. This review discusses various fabrication methods of PQDs, delves into their degradation mechanisms, and explores strategies for enhancing their performance with their applications in a variety of technological fields. Their elevated surface-to-volume ratio highlights their importance in increasing solar cell efficiency. PQDs are also essential for increasing the performance of perovskite solar cells, photodetectors, and light-emitting diodes, which makes them indispensable for solid-state lighting applications. PQDs' unique optoelectronic characteristics make them suitable for sophisticated sensing applications, giving them greater capabilities in this field. Furthermore, PQDs' resistive switching behavior makes them a good fit for applications in memory devices. PQDs' vast potential also encompasses the fields of quantum optics and communication, especially for uses like nanolasers and polarized light detectors. Even though stability and environmental concerns remain major obstacles, research efforts are being made to actively address these issues, enabling PQDs to obtain their full potential in device applications. Simply put, understanding PQDs' real potential lies in overcoming obstacles and utilizing their inherent qualities.