Achieving Fine-Grained Microstructure in Low-Alloy Steel: A Study on Static Recrystallization Using Experimental and Simulation Approaches

Abstract

Recrystallization kinetics and microstructure evolution of low-alloy steel with the capability to take part in the transformation-induced plasticity phenomenon are investigated through experimentations and cellular automata (CA) simulations. The study primarily focuses on static recrystallization mechanisms, employing scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction for microstructural and phase analysis, alongside Vickers hardness and tensile testing for mechanical characterization. The results indicate that subjecting the steel to annealing at a temperature of 570 °C for a duration corresponding to complete recrystallization leads to a refined microstructure and a good balance of strength and ductility. This duration is determined through detailed microstructural observations and recrystallization kinetics analysis, ensuring that the steel achieves desired mechanical properties. To find out more about the ferrite recrystallization during annealing at 570 °C, a two-dimensional CA model is created, and the outcomes of simulations are compared with experimental results in terms of recrystallized grain size and recrystallization kinetics. A satisfactory agreement is observed between the experimental results and predictions made using the CA model, confirming the applicability of the presented approach for controlling the microstructure and mechanical properties of advanced high-strength steels.