Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) starch granules: Structural, functional changes and their underlying causes

IF 12.5 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymers Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124419

Liquan Jing , Xi Gong , Yang Cai , Yu Su , Mohamed Ait-El-Mokhtar , Mingxing Lu , Zhuo wang , Lianxin Yang , Qing Han , Yunxia Wang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Elevated atmospheric CO₂ (E-CO₂) intensifies climate change impacts on crops. Hybrid rice, valued for high yield, is crucial for starch production, yet the influences of E-CO₂ on its starch properties remain unclear. Using a free-air CO₂ enrichment system, we investigated two hybrid rice cultivars (YY538 and YLY900) to understand E-CO₂-induced changes in starch physicochemical properties and formation mechanisms. E-CO₂ significantly increased the proportion of large-volume (+3.1 %) and large-surface-area (+3.0 %) starch granules, the long-branch-chain proportion (+6.3 %) in amylopectin, double helices (+4.1 %), and crystallinity (+4.7 %), greatly altering starch morphology and molecular structures. Consequently, starch functionality changed accordingly: breakdown, ΔHgel, ΔHret, and transition temperature rose by 26.3 %, 8.5 %, 74.5 %, and 1.04 °C, respectively, while setback decreased by 39.7 %, yielding softer rice (−21.1 % hardness) and better taste. These changes aligned with higher GBSS (+32.8 %), α/β-amylase (+12.3 %–13.5 %), SSS activity (+27.0 %), and a 47.3 % upregulation of OsGBSS1. Indica-hybrid YLY900 responded more strongly than japonica-hybrid YY538 in most cases, highlighting cultivar-specific adaptation to E-CO₂-rich climates. Analysis indicates E-CO₂-induced changes in starch structure and function stem from enhanced gene expression and enzyme activities, with most traits significantly correlated with ethylene production rate. These findings suggest that despite improved taste, future E-CO₂ climates may require more energy for starch processing.

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大气CO2浓度升高对杂交水稻淀粉颗粒的影响：结构、功能变化及其原因

大气CO2 （E-CO2）升高加剧了气候变化对作物的影响。杂交水稻具有高产价值，是淀粉生产的关键，但E-CO2对其淀粉特性的影响尚不清楚。利用自由空气CO2富集系统，研究了两个杂交水稻品种YY538和YLY900在e- CO2诱导下淀粉理化性质的变化及其形成机制。E-CO2显著提高了大体积（+ 3.1%）和大表面积（+ 3.0%）淀粉颗粒的比例、支链淀粉的长支链比例（+ 6.3%）、双螺旋淀粉的比例（+ 4.1%）和结晶度（+ 4.7%），极大地改变了淀粉的形态和分子结构。因此，淀粉的功能发生了相应的变化：分解温度、ΔHgel、ΔHret和转变温度分别提高了26.3%、8.5%、74.5%和1.04℃，而后退度降低了39.7%，得到的大米更软（硬度- 21.1%），口感更好。这些变化与较高的GBSS（+ 32.8%）、α/β-淀粉酶（+ 12.3% - - 13.5%）、SSS活性（+ 27.0%）和OsGBSS1上调47.3%一致。在大多数情况下，籼粳杂交种YLY900的响应强于粳稻杂交种YY538，突出了品种对e - co2富气候的特异性适应。分析表明，e - co2诱导淀粉结构和功能的变化源于基因表达和酶活性的增强，其中大部分性状与乙烯产率显著相关。这些发现表明，尽管味道有所改善，但未来的E-CO2气候可能需要更多的能量来加工淀粉。

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来源期刊

Carbohydrate Polymers 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

22.40

自引率

8.00%

发文量

1286

审稿时长

47 days

期刊介绍： Carbohydrate Polymers stands as a prominent journal in the glycoscience field, dedicated to exploring and harnessing the potential of polysaccharides with applications spanning bioenergy, bioplastics, biomaterials, biorefining, chemistry, drug delivery, food, health, nanotechnology, packaging, paper, pharmaceuticals, medicine, oil recovery, textiles, tissue engineering, wood, and various aspects of glycoscience. The journal emphasizes the central role of well-characterized carbohydrate polymers, highlighting their significance as the primary focus rather than a peripheral topic. Each paper must prominently feature at least one named carbohydrate polymer, evident in both citation and title, with a commitment to innovative research that advances scientific knowledge.