Manuel Reis Carneiro , Mahmoud Tavakoli , Carmel Majidi
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Soft bioelectronics patches and wearable e-textiles are rapidly finding their application in electrophysiological and emotional monitoring. This includes real-time electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG), and electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring, neuroprosthetics, rehabilitation robotics, and everyday human-machine interfaces, which underscore the transformative promise of these soft technologies. Skin-interfacing electrodes have a critical role in these systems, desired to guarantee the signal quality, user comfort, ease of placement, and quality of signal over time. Unlike conventional gel-based electrodes with rigid backing, novel electrodes exploit soft material classes—liquid metals, carbon nanomaterials, intrinsically conductive polymers, ionic gels, and hybrid composites—to create ultrathin and soft architectures that conform intimately to skin microtopography. Such designs not only reduce motion artifacts and skin irritation but also improve comfort for extended use, making them highly attractive for continuous clinical diagnostics, sports performance tracking, and emerging consumer wearables. By bridging materials science, bioengineering, and AI-driven signal processing, soft on-skin electrodes are poised to dominate the next generation of seamless, personalized biosensing technologies. This paper reviews the recent progress on skin-interfacing materials, including conductive composites, hydrogels and liquid metals, soft substrates (polymers and textiles) as well as fabrication and patterning techniques, long-term durability against sweat, bending, and stretching. It also discusses the ongoing challenges in establishing universal test protocols, ensuring environmental sustainability, and integrating soft electronics with data analytics.
期刊介绍:
Matter, a monthly journal affiliated with Cell, spans the broad field of materials science from nano to macro levels,covering fundamentals to applications. Embracing groundbreaking technologies,it includes full-length research articles,reviews, perspectives,previews, opinions, personnel stories, and general editorial content.
Matter aims to be the primary resource for researchers in academia and industry, inspiring the next generation of materials scientists.