Play Together? Unveiling Facilitators and Barriers to Inclusive Outdoor Play for Dutch Children With and Without Disabilities: A Qualitative Study

IF 2 4区医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS

Child Care Health and Development Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI:10.1111/cch.70154

R. Q. Beekhuizen, E. A. M. Bolster, J. W. Gorter, N. L. Henry, K. Visser, H. Wittink, E. M. W. Kotte, M. E. Sol, M. A. T. Bloemen

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Abstract

Background

The ‘Right to Play’ is included in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Outdoor play contributes to children's overall development, physical and mental health and quality of life. Unfortunately, children with disabilities often experience restrictions while playing outdoors. Understanding children's perspectives is crucial to effectively support them in participating. Our aim was to explore facilitators and barriers perceived by Dutch children with and without disabilities (6–12 years), in regular and special primary education, for participating in inclusive outdoor play.

Methods

We conducted 40 semi-structured interviews in school-aged children (mean age years 8.7, SD 1.9): 22 without disabilities, 10 with disabilities attending regular education and 8 with disabilities attending special education. We transcribed all interviews verbatim, and two independent researchers analysed the data using an inductive thematic approach.

Results

We identified three main themes: personal factors of children with and without disabilities, interacting factors and environmental factors. Each theme has sub-themes acting as either facilitators or barriers to inclusive outdoor play. Personal factors include being open to playing with each other, coping with disabilities, experiencing autonomy, insufficient knowledge about disabilities and feelings about physical and social limitations. Interacting factors include growing up together, making contact and adapting ways of playing. Environmental factors include parents, play environments, communities and time constraints.

Conclusions

Children with and without disabilities in regular and special primary education identify facilitators and barriers in personal, interacting and environmental factors for inclusive outdoor play. Children with disabilities encounter more barriers than those without disabilities. All children are open to playing together, and paediatric rehabilitation professionals and parents play a crucial role in facilitating positive play experiences early on, providing knowledge about the consequences of disabilities, showcasing the capabilities of children with disabilities and collaborating to adapt playgrounds.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

一起玩吗?揭示促进和障碍的包容性户外游戏的荷兰儿童有和没有残疾：一项定性研究。

背景：“游戏权”被列入《联合国儿童权利公约》。户外游戏有助于儿童的全面发展、身心健康和生活质量。不幸的是，残疾儿童在户外玩耍时经常受到限制。了解儿童的观点对于有效地支持他们参与至关重要。我们的目的是探索荷兰残疾儿童和非残疾儿童（6-12岁）在普通和特殊小学教育中参与包容性户外游戏所感受到的促进因素和障碍。方法：我们对40名学龄儿童（平均年龄8.7岁，SD 1.9）进行了半结构化访谈：非残疾儿童22名，接受普通教育的残疾儿童10名，接受特殊教育的残疾儿童8名。我们逐字记录了所有访谈，两位独立研究人员使用归纳主题方法分析了数据。结果：我们确定了三个主要主题：残疾儿童和非残疾儿童的个人因素、相互作用因素和环境因素。每个主题都有子主题，这些子主题既可以促进包容性户外游戏，也可以阻碍包容性户外游戏。个人因素包括开放地与他人一起玩耍，应对残疾，体验自主，对残疾的了解不足以及对身体和社会限制的感受。相互作用的因素包括共同成长、接触和适应游戏方式。环境因素包括父母、游戏环境、社区和时间限制。结论：接受普通和特殊小学教育的残疾儿童和非残疾儿童在个人因素、相互作用因素和环境因素方面确定了包容性户外游戏的促进因素和障碍。残疾儿童比没有残疾的儿童遇到更多的障碍。所有儿童都愿意一起玩耍，儿科康复专业人员和家长在促进早期积极的游戏体验，提供有关残疾后果的知识，展示残疾儿童的能力以及合作适应游乐场方面发挥着至关重要的作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Child Care Health and Development 医学-小儿科

CiteScore

3.40

自引率

5.30%

发文量

136

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Child: care, health and development is an international, peer-reviewed journal which publishes papers dealing with all aspects of the health and development of children and young people. We aim to attract quantitative and qualitative research papers relevant to people from all disciplines working in child health. We welcome studies which examine the effects of social and environmental factors on health and development as well as those dealing with clinical issues, the organization of services and health policy. We particularly encourage the submission of studies related to those who are disadvantaged by physical, developmental, emotional and social problems. The journal also aims to collate important research findings and to provide a forum for discussion of global child health issues.