Prevalence and Resistance Patterns of Uropathogens in Critically Ill Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tehran: Implications for Antimicrobial Stewardship in Developing Countries.
{"title":"Prevalence and Resistance Patterns of Uropathogens in Critically Ill Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tehran: Implications for Antimicrobial Stewardship in Developing Countries.","authors":"Parisa Kianpour, Saba Ranjbarian, Faezeh Azimi Movahed, Sepideh Hamedi, Reza Mourtami, Mohammadamin Qahari, Pejman Pourfakhr, Hamidreza Sharifnia, Mojtaba Mojtahedzadeh, Farhad Najmeddin","doi":"10.1177/10766294251384089","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Antimicrobial resistance is a critical global threat in resource-limited settings with underdeveloped laboratory capacity and stewardship programs. Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are at high risk for complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) uropathogens. Local resistance data are essential to guide empirical therapy and design effective stewardship interventions. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study (March 2020-December 2022) of 127 adult ICU patients with cUTIs at a tertiary hospital in Tehran, Iran. Urine isolates were identified by standard phenotypic methods, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed via disk diffusion following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Resistance phenotypes-extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), difficult-to-treat <i>Pseudomonas</i>, and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>-were defined using current breakpoints. <b><i>Results:</i></b> <i>Escherichia coli</i> (52.2%) and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (26.9%) predominated. Among Enterobacterales, 60.4% produced ESBL and 30.2% were carbapenem resistant. VRE comprised all enterococcal isolates; PDR <i>A. baumannii</i> occurred in one case. No significant associations were found between resistance profiles and sepsis, septic shock, or mortality. Multivariable analysis identified heart failure (odds ratio [OR] 2.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-5.21; <i>p</i> = 0.017) and longer ICU stay (OR 1.03 per day; 95% CI 1.01-1.05; <i>p</i> = 0.012) as independent predictors of MDR infection. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We report an alarming burden of MDR uropathogens in Tehran ICUs, underscoring the need for tailored empirical-therapy guidelines, enhanced antimicrobial stewardship programs, and multicenter surveillance to curb resistance and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Microbial drug resistance","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10766294251384089","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a critical global threat in resource-limited settings with underdeveloped laboratory capacity and stewardship programs. Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are at high risk for complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) uropathogens. Local resistance data are essential to guide empirical therapy and design effective stewardship interventions. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study (March 2020-December 2022) of 127 adult ICU patients with cUTIs at a tertiary hospital in Tehran, Iran. Urine isolates were identified by standard phenotypic methods, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed via disk diffusion following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Resistance phenotypes-extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), difficult-to-treat Pseudomonas, and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) Acinetobacter baumannii-were defined using current breakpoints. Results:Escherichia coli (52.2%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (26.9%) predominated. Among Enterobacterales, 60.4% produced ESBL and 30.2% were carbapenem resistant. VRE comprised all enterococcal isolates; PDR A. baumannii occurred in one case. No significant associations were found between resistance profiles and sepsis, septic shock, or mortality. Multivariable analysis identified heart failure (odds ratio [OR] 2.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-5.21; p = 0.017) and longer ICU stay (OR 1.03 per day; 95% CI 1.01-1.05; p = 0.012) as independent predictors of MDR infection. Conclusions: We report an alarming burden of MDR uropathogens in Tehran ICUs, underscoring the need for tailored empirical-therapy guidelines, enhanced antimicrobial stewardship programs, and multicenter surveillance to curb resistance and improve patient outcomes.
期刊介绍：
Microbial Drug Resistance (MDR) is an international, peer-reviewed journal that covers the global spread and threat of multi-drug resistant clones of major pathogens that are widely documented in hospitals and the scientific community. The Journal addresses the serious challenges of trying to decipher the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance. MDR provides a multidisciplinary forum for peer-reviewed original publications as well as topical reviews and special reports.
MDR coverage includes:
Molecular biology of resistance mechanisms
Virulence genes and disease
Molecular epidemiology
Drug design
Infection control.
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