Red blood cell omega-3 status and longitudinal cognition in individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease.

IF 3.8 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI:10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.09.032

Iolanda Lázaro, Anna Brugulat-Serrat, Marc Suárez-Calvet, Karine Fauria, Carolina Minguillon, Juan-Domingo Gispert, José Luis Molinuevo, William S Harris, Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides, Oriol Grau-Rivera, Aleix Sala-Vila

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Many observational studies on dietary omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) and cognition focused on docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), because its significant role in brain. There is growing interest in whether other omega-3 FAs may also display cognitive benefits.

Objectives: To examine the associations between the blood levels of three different omega-3 FAs (DHA; eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]; and alpha-linolenic acid [ALA]) and 3-year changes in cognitive performance in a cohort of cognitively unimpaired individuals at high risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: Prospective longitudinal study conducted in 323 participants from the ALFA (ALzheimer and FAmilies) Study. We determined the baseline levels of omega-3 FAs in red blood cells (RBCs) using gas-chromatography. Participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological battery at baseline and after 3 yrs. We studied cognitive outcomes as rate of change between visits. We first constructed multivariate models to examine the association between RBC-DHA and the preclinical Alzheimer's cognitive composite (PACC) score, also examining the effect of gender, APOE-ε4 carriership, and AD pathology (defined cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-beta and tau). As exploratory analysis, we examined associations between RBC-EPA and RBC-ALA with PACC, as well as those between omega-3 FAs and composite z-scores for attention, executive functioning, episodic memory, visual processing, and language domains.

Results: RBC-DHA was associated with a positive (improved) global cognition (PACC) rate of change (estimate = 0.011, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.001;0.021, P = 0.024). No statistically significant interactions were observed for sex, APOE-ε4 carriership, or AD pathology. Higher RBC-ALA status was associated with positive rate of change (better performing) in visual processing (estimate = 0.425, 95% CI = 0.168;0.682, P = 0.001).

Conclusions: In individuals at risk of AD, RBC-DHA and RBC-ALA showed positive associations with longitudinal cognition. These findings add to the observational evidence linking omega-3 FAs with improved brain health.

Clinical trial registry: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02485730.

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阿尔茨海默病风险个体的红细胞-3状态和纵向认知

背景：许多关于膳食omega-3脂肪酸（FAs）和认知的观察性研究都集中在二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）上，因为它在大脑中起着重要的作用。越来越多的人对其他omega-3脂肪酸是否也有认知益处感兴趣。目的：研究三种不同的omega-3脂肪酸（DHA、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和α -亚麻酸（ALA））血液水平与阿尔茨海默病（AD）高危认知功能未受损个体3年认知表现变化之间的关系。方法：对来自ALFA（阿尔茨海默病和家庭）研究的323名参与者进行前瞻性纵向研究。我们用气相色谱法测定了红细胞（rbc）中omega-3脂肪酸的基线水平。参与者在基线和3年后接受了全面的神经心理学测试。我们研究了两次访问之间的认知结果变化率。我们首先构建了多变量模型来检验RBC-DHA与临床前阿尔茨海默氏症认知复合（PACC）评分之间的关系，同时还检验了性别、APOE-ε4携带者和AD病理（定义的脑脊液淀粉样蛋白- β和tau）的影响。作为探索性分析，我们研究了红细胞- epa和红细胞- ala与PACC之间的关系，以及omega-3 FAs与注意力、执行功能、情景记忆、视觉处理和语言领域的复合z分数之间的关系。结果：RBC-DHA与整体认知（PACC）变变率呈正相关（改善）（估计值= 0.011,95%可信区间[CI] = 0.001;0.021, P = 0.024）。性别、APOE-ε4携带者或AD病理无统计学意义的相互作用。较高的红细胞- ala状态与视觉处理的阳性率（更好的表现）相关（估计= 0.425,95% CI = 0.168;0.682, P = 0.001）。结论：在AD高危人群中，RBC-DHA和RBC-ALA与纵向认知呈正相关。这些发现进一步证实了omega-3脂肪酸与改善大脑健康之间的联系。临床试验注册：https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02485730。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Nutrition 医学-营养学

CiteScore

7.60

自引率

4.80%

发文量

260

审稿时长

39 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Nutrition (JN/J Nutr) publishes peer-reviewed original research papers covering all aspects of experimental nutrition in humans and other animal species; special articles such as reviews and biographies of prominent nutrition scientists; and issues, opinions, and commentaries on controversial issues in nutrition. Supplements are frequently published to provide extended discussion of topics of special interest.