Sustainable cellulose nanofiber extraction from Borassus flabellifer: a comprehensive study and analytical insights

IF 4.1 4区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI:10.1007/s13399-025-06859-0

S. Surya, Arathy Soman, Akhil Krishnan, M. Parvana Suresh, K. V. Neenu, T. G. Ajithkumar, Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai, P. M. Sabura Begum, C. D. Midhun Dominic

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Abstract

Cellulose, a biodegradable and renewable material, is versatile and transforms various fields. This work uses a chemo-mechanical method to discuss the extraction and analysis of palmyra (Borassus flabellifer) fruit derived cellulose nanofibers (PFCNF). The mild acid treatment, steam explosion, and homogenization could increase the physico-chemical properties of Borassus flabellifer fiber. The chemical composition and FTIR analysis confirmed the successful elimination of the hemicellulose, lignin, and other extractives in the palmyra fruit pulp. The solid-state ¹³C NMR proved the cellulose type I structure of the extracted PFCNF. The crystallinity index of PFCNF was found to be 57%. The yield of the cellulose was calculated to be 44%. PFCNF exhibited fibrous morphology with a nanodimension of 10–80 nm, validated using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. With progressive treatments, the thermal stability was increased, and the T_max of PFCNF was 32 ℃ higher compared to the raw fibers. These superior properties further support their potential in eco-friendly packaging, advanced composites, biomedical materials, film production, electronics, coating materials, and paper production.

Graphical abstract

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可持续纤维素纳米纤维的提取：一个全面的研究和分析见解

纤维素是一种可生物降解和可再生的材料，用途广泛，可以改造各个领域。本文采用化学-力学方法对棕榈果衍生纤维素纳米纤维（PFCNF）的提取和分析进行了研究。温和酸处理、蒸汽爆破和均质处理均可提高牛油果纤维的理化性能。化学成分和FTIR分析证实了成功地消除了棕榈果肉中的半纤维素、木质素和其他提取物。固态13C核磁共振证实提取的PFCNF为纤维素I型结构。PFCNF的结晶度指数为57%。纤维素的产率计算为44%。经扫描电镜和透射电镜验证，PFCNF的纳米尺寸为10-80 nm。随着处理次数的增加，PFCNF的热稳定性有所提高，其Tmax比原纤维高32℃。这些优异的性能进一步支持了它们在环保包装、先进复合材料、生物医学材料、薄膜生产、电子、涂层材料和纸张生产方面的潜力。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Energy-Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

15.00%

发文量

1358

期刊介绍： Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery presents articles and information on research, development and applications in thermo-chemical conversion; physico-chemical conversion and bio-chemical conversion, including all necessary steps for the provision and preparation of the biomass as well as all possible downstream processing steps for the environmentally sound and economically viable provision of energy and chemical products.