New insights on microbial extracellular polysaccharides: production, biological activity, and applications

IF 4.1 4区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI:10.1007/s13399-025-06802-3

Suparna Sen, Onkar Nath Tiwari, Raj Kumar Arya, Tridib Kumar Bhowmick, Kalyan Gayen

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) are known as unique polymeric macromolecules, synthesized by diverse ranges of microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, fungi and microalgae) with different biological activities. These EPSs are primarily located as an enveloped layer around the microbial cells or released in the external environment for various reasons such as host defence, preventing external stress, attachment with the solid surfaces, and cell signalling purposes. EPSs are predominantly composed of hetero or homo polysaccharides of different monomeric sugar molecules (e.g., d-glucopyranose, Glucose, Mannose, Galactose, Fructose, Raffinose, Galactosamine, etc.). These EPSs have been attracted the attention of the researchers because of their vast applicational opportunities in the food, pharmaceutical, and fiber industries. EPSs have the potential to be an alternative to synthetic polymeric substances for their non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable properties. This review critically focus on (i) physicochemical characteristics and functionality of prominent extracellular polysaccharides; (ii) different biological sources of EPSs from bacteria, fungi, microalgae, and cyanobacteria; (iii) strategies for the enhancement of yield and productivity of EPSs by manipulating physicochemical and chemicals factors; (iv) application of EPSs as antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral agent with emphasis on biomedical application; (v) published patents on EPSs for biomedical application; and (vi) conclusion with future perspectives. The difficulties in determining the structure and optimizing the process for the large-scale manufacture of EPSs are highlighted along with suggestions for future research directions.

Graphical abstract

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微生物胞外多糖的新见解：生产，生物活性和应用

胞外多糖（eps）是一种独特的高分子聚合物，由多种具有不同生物活性的微生物（如细菌、真菌和微藻）合成。这些eps主要位于微生物细胞周围的包膜层或由于各种原因释放到外部环境中，例如宿主防御，防止外部压力，与固体表面的附着以及细胞信号目的。eps主要由不同单体糖分子（如d-葡萄糖吡喃糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、果糖、棉子糖、半乳糖胺等）的异多糖或同源多糖组成。由于其在食品、制药、纤维等行业的广泛应用前景，引起了研究人员的广泛关注。eps因其无毒、生物相容性和可生物降解的特性，有可能成为合成高分子物质的替代品。这篇综述主要集中在(i)物理化学特性和功能突出的细胞外多糖；（ii）细菌、真菌、微藻和蓝藻等不同的eps生物来源；（iii）通过控制物理化学和化学因素来提高eps产量和生产力的策略；（iv） EPSs作为抗菌、抗真菌和抗病毒药物的应用，重点是生物医学应用；(v)已公布的用于生物医学应用的eps专利；（六）结论与未来展望。指出了eps大规模生产在结构确定和工艺优化方面存在的困难，并对未来的研究方向提出了建议。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Energy-Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

15.00%

发文量

1358

期刊介绍： Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery presents articles and information on research, development and applications in thermo-chemical conversion; physico-chemical conversion and bio-chemical conversion, including all necessary steps for the provision and preparation of the biomass as well as all possible downstream processing steps for the environmentally sound and economically viable provision of energy and chemical products.