Efficient creation and phenotypic differentiation mechanism of autotetraploid soybean

IF 6.2 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Crops and Products Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI:10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121976

Xuhao Zhai, Han Qin, Xinrui Du, Xingguo Zhang, Erhui Xiong, Shanshan Chu, Na Guo, Jingyun Zhao, Dandan Hu, Yi Yang, Dan Zhang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Soybean is an important food and oil crop worldwide, but its narrow genetic background constrains the breeding of high-quality varieties. To expand soybean germplasm resources and investigate the effects of polyploidization on soybean agronomic and quality traits, three autotetraploid materials from two cultivated (W82 and JD17) and one wild soybean (W006) were successfully created through colchicine induction. The 12-h treatment of seeds with 0.2 % colchicine solution achieved optimal induction efficiency, with a chromosome doubling success rate of 11.76 %. Compared to diploids, autotetraploid soybeans exhibited significant phenotypic and physiological changes: increase tissue and cell size, thicker leaf with three to five leaflets, 16.71 % increase of chlorophyll content, and 14.52 % increase of photosynthetic rate. The fertility of autotetraploid soybean decreased, the average of single-seed pod ratio increased to 50.64 %, but the hundred-grain weight increased by 43.11 %. Notably, autotetraploid soybeans maintain oil content while achieving 8.89 % average protein content increase, with significant elevations in oleic acid, water-soluble proteins and essential amino acids (e.g., lysine and leucine). For genomic changes, 7457, 41,497, and 110,970 genetic variations were detected in tetraploid W82, JD17, and W006, respectively, these variations including SNP, InDel, and structural variation. The genes containing these variations were rich in defense response, lipid metabolic, DNA repair, transcription regulation, and amino acid synthesis, indicating that the genetic variations may be responsible for the phenotypic variation of tetraploid soybeans, and also indicating that tetraploid soybeans may has great potential in stress resistance. Besides, the chromosome number variation of three tetraploid plants indicating the genome of tetraploid soybeans were unstable. This study first reveals the differentiation in lipid metabolism pathways between diploid and tetraploid soybeans, providing critical germplasm resources and theoretical foundations for deciphering polyploid soybean nutrient synthesis mechanisms and breeding high-protein, high-oleic-acid varieties.

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同源四倍体大豆高效产生及表型分化机制研究

大豆是世界上重要的粮食和油料作物，但其狭窄的遗传背景制约了优质品种的选育。为扩大大豆种质资源，研究大豆多倍体化对大豆农艺性状和品质性状的影响，利用秋水仙碱诱导，从2个栽培大豆（W82和JD17）和1个野生大豆（W006）获得3个同源四倍体材料。0.2 %秋水仙碱溶液处理种子12 h诱导效率最佳，染色体加倍成功率为11.76 %。与二倍体相比，同源四倍体大豆表现出显著的表型和生理变化：组织和细胞大小增大，叶片变厚，有3 ~ 5个小叶，叶绿素含量增加16.71 %，光合速率增加14.52 %。同源四倍体大豆的育性降低，单粒荚果比平均增加50.64 %，百粒重增加43.11 %。值得注意的是，同源四倍体大豆在保持含油量的同时平均蛋白质含量提高了8.89 %，油酸、水溶性蛋白质和必需氨基酸（如赖氨酸和亮氨酸）含量显著提高。在基因组变化方面，四倍体W82、JD17和W006分别检测到7457、41497和110,970个遗传变异，这些变异包括SNP、InDel和结构变异。含有这些变异的基因具有丰富的防御反应、脂质代谢、DNA修复、转录调控和氨基酸合成等功能，说明这些遗传变异可能是导致四倍体大豆表型变异的原因，也说明四倍体大豆具有很大的抗逆性潜力。此外，三株四倍体植物的染色体数目变异表明四倍体大豆基因组不稳定。本研究首次揭示了二倍体和四倍体大豆脂质代谢途径的差异，为破解多倍体大豆营养合成机制和选育高蛋白、高油酸品种提供了重要的种质资源和理论基础。

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来源期刊

Industrial Crops and Products 农林科学-农业工程

CiteScore

9.50

自引率

8.50%

发文量

1518

审稿时长

43 days

期刊介绍： Industrial Crops and Products is an International Journal publishing academic and industrial research on industrial (defined as non-food/non-feed) crops and products. Papers concern both crop-oriented and bio-based materials from crops-oriented research, and should be of interest to an international audience, hypothesis driven, and where comparisons are made statistics performed.