Rapid Selective Recycling of Spent LiFePO4 Cathodes via a Deep Eutectic Solvent-Assisted Carbothermal Shock Method.

IF 16 1区 材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
ACS Nano Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI:10.1021/acsnano.5c09434
Xuhui Zhu,Hamidreza Arandiyan,Xue Ma,Yuan Wang,Shun Yang
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Abstract

The surge in lithium-ion battery adoption has underscored the critical need for innovative recycling technologies, particularly for lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) cathodes, which dominate the market due to their safety and cost advantages. However, the thermally stable olivine structure of LFP presents formidable challenges for conventional pyrometallurgical recycling, resulting in excessive energy consumption to break down the LFP structure, substantial lithium loss, and diminished economic viability. Herein, we introduce a carbothermal shock process, synergistically enhanced by deep eutectic solvents composed of choline chloride (ChCl) and urea, to address these limitations. This ultrafast approach (∼20 s) overcomes the issue of insufficient contact in solid-solid reactions through the complete encapsulation of spent LFP by ChCl, effectively preventing Li volatilization during the short reaction time. The process yields high-purity Fe2P and Li3PO4, which are efficiently separated using magnetic methods, achieving high recovery efficiencies of Li (97.39%) and Fe (99.17%). Notably, the recovered Fe2P demonstrates enhanced catalytic performance in the alcoholysis of waste polyethylene terephthalate plastics, creating a synergistic valorization pathway. This effective method not only eliminates complex separation processes but also advances the circular economy, enabling high-value resource recovery for the lithium-ion battery ecosystem.
用深度共晶溶剂辅助碳热冲击法快速选择性回收废LiFePO4阴极。
锂离子电池应用的激增凸显了对创新回收技术的迫切需求,特别是磷酸铁锂(LiFePO4, LFP)阴极,由于其安全性和成本优势,在市场上占据主导地位。然而,LFP的热稳定橄榄石结构给传统的火法冶金回收带来了巨大的挑战,导致LFP结构的能量消耗过大,锂的大量损失,经济可行性降低。在此,我们引入了碳热冲击过程,由氯化胆碱(ChCl)和尿素组成的深共晶溶剂协同增强,以解决这些限制。这种超快方法(~ 20 s)克服了固-固反应中接触不足的问题,通过将废LFP完全包裹在ChCl中,有效地防止了Li在短反应时间内挥发。该工艺制备出高纯度的Fe2P和Li3PO4,采用磁分离方法对其进行了高效分离,Li和Fe的回收率分别为97.39%和99.17%。值得注意的是,回收的Fe2P在废聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯塑料的醇解中表现出增强的催化性能,形成了协同增值途径。这种有效的方法不仅消除了复杂的分离过程,而且推进了循环经济,为锂离子电池生态系统实现了高价值的资源回收。
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来源期刊
ACS Nano
ACS Nano 工程技术-材料科学:综合
CiteScore
26.00
自引率
4.10%
发文量
1627
审稿时长
1.7 months
期刊介绍: ACS Nano, published monthly, serves as an international forum for comprehensive articles on nanoscience and nanotechnology research at the intersections of chemistry, biology, materials science, physics, and engineering. The journal fosters communication among scientists in these communities, facilitating collaboration, new research opportunities, and advancements through discoveries. ACS Nano covers synthesis, assembly, characterization, theory, and simulation of nanostructures, nanobiotechnology, nanofabrication, methods and tools for nanoscience and nanotechnology, and self- and directed-assembly. Alongside original research articles, it offers thorough reviews, perspectives on cutting-edge research, and discussions envisioning the future of nanoscience and nanotechnology.
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