Non-Carious Cervical Lesions in Wild Primates: Implications for Understanding Toothpick Grooves and Abfraction Lesions

IF 2 2区 生物学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY
Ian Towle, Kristin L. Krueger, Kazuha Hirata, Mugino O. Kubo, Anderson T. Hara, Joel D. Irish, Carolina Loch, Matthew R. Borths, Luca Fiorenza
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Abstract

Objectives

In clinical settings, non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) are often linked to abrasion, erosion, abfraction, or a combination of these factors. In archaeological and paleontological remains, the most common NCCL is the “toothpick groove,” yet little is known about the occurrence of these and other NCCLs in wild non-human primates.

Materials and Methods

Here, we examine 531 individuals from 27 wild extant and extinct anthropoid primate taxa for NCCLs. Macroscopic examinations were followed by microwear and tissue-loss analyses using multiple imaging techniques, including stereoscopic microscopy, confocal laser, handheld digital microscopy, and 3D tissue loss analysis.

Results

NCCLs were identified in 21 individuals, indicating a prevalence of 4% within the sample. The distribution of NCCLs was uneven, with multiple cases concentrated in certain taxa and populations, but they are identified in all major groupings (e.g., Platyrrhini, Cercopithecidae, Hominoidea). Two distinct lesion types were identified: (1) localized U-shaped lesions with internal parallel striations, indicative of regular contact with abrasive materials (i.e., attrition or abrasion); and (2) smooth, shallow lesions characterized by tissue loss along the recessed gum line, indicative of a multifactorial process that may involve acid erosion.

Discussion

Several attrition/abrasion NCCLs resembled or have characteristic features of “toothpick grooves” known from hominin samples, suggesting the need for further comparative analyses between human and non-human primates. The absence of abfraction lesions supports the view that abfraction may be related to contemporary human behaviors. These findings emphasize the value of non-human primate data for interpreting NCCLs in both contemporary and ancient human populations.

Abstract Image

野生灵长类非龋齿性宫颈病变:对理解牙签凹槽和抽脱病变的意义。
目的:在临床环境中,非龋齿宫颈病变(ncls)通常与磨损、糜烂、剥离或这些因素的组合有关。在考古和古生物遗迹中,最常见的NCCL是“牙签沟”,但对这些和其他NCCL在野生非人类灵长类动物中的发生知之甚少。材料和方法:本研究对27个野生现存和已灭绝类人猿灵长类类群的531个个体进行了nccl检测。宏观检查后进行显微磨损和组织损失分析,使用多种成像技术,包括立体显微镜、共聚焦激光、手持式数字显微镜和3D组织损失分析。结果:在21个个体中发现了ncls,表明样本中患病率为4%。NCCLs分布不均匀,多个病例集中在某些分类群和种群中,但在所有主要类群(如Platyrrhini, Cercopithecidae, Hominoidea)中均有发现。确定了两种不同的病变类型:(1)局部u形病变,内部平行条纹,表明与磨料物质经常接触(即磨损或磨损);(2)光滑、浅的病变,其特征是沿牙龈凹陷线的组织丢失,表明可能涉及酸侵蚀的多因素过程。讨论:一些磨损/磨损nccl类似或具有人族样本中已知的“牙签凹槽”特征,表明需要进一步对人类和非人类灵长类动物进行比较分析。抽离损伤的缺失支持抽离可能与当代人类行为有关的观点。这些发现强调了非人灵长类动物数据在解释当代和古代人类群体中nccl的价值。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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