Gradually, then Suddenly: Nutrition in an Era of Medically Induced Weight Loss.

Abstract

For decades, nutrition science and the food industry have confronted the seemingly intractable problem of chronic energy imbalance, leading to overweight and obesity, with behavioral and product-based interventions yielding modest and inconsistent effects on body weight. The emergence of next-generation emerging obesity medications (EOMs) - exemplified by glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists - represents a rare paradigm shift in helping individuals achieve and maintain body weight control. We propose a conceptual transformation for nutrition that parallels that of physical activity. Research strongly supports physical activity for its profound health benefits independent of its modest role in weight loss. The same is true for nutrition. With the overwhelming "noise" of energy balance attenuated, the "signals" from specific nutritional properties - such as fatty acid profiles, fiber content, and protein quality - can emerge as clearer drivers of health outcomes, guiding both targeted research and product reformulation efforts. This new era elevates the value proposition of nutrition, freeing the field to focus resources on questions that nutrition science is better equipped to answer and that the food industry is better able to enact.