Anodal excitatory HD-tDCS over left DLPFC on impulsivity, problem solving, and executive functions in young-onset behavioral addiction: A randomized sham-controlled study.

Abstract

Background: High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) modifies cortical excitability and its application over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has expanded to include addictive behaviors, given its capacity to alter core processes associated with addiction.

Aim: To assess the effect of excitatory HD-tDCS over left DLPFC on impulsivity, problem solving, executive functions, and overall severity in children and adolescents having behavioral addictions.

Methods: This hospital-based, double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial was registered prospectively in the Clinical Trial Registry of India (registration number -CTRI/2023/08/056081). 52 subjects aged 10-20 who scored ≥ 2 on Brief Screener for Substance and Behavioral Addictions were enrolled for the study. Participants were randomized into active (G1) and sham (G2) HD-tDCS groups and 20 sessions of HD-tDCS given, that is, twice daily for 10 days. Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Problem Solving Inventory, Behavior Rating Inventory for Executive Functions, and Clinical Global Impression were used to assess outcomes at baseline and 2 weeks. tDCS side effects checklist was administered to monitor adverse events.

Result: Significant improvement was noted in both the groups across all outcome variables over time. HD-tDCS was well tolerated and was better in reducing impulsivity, problem solving, executive functions, and illness severity in the active group than in the sham group.

Conclusion: HD-tDCS has a substantial potential in improving the core processes involved in behavioral addictions adding a promising tool to the therapeutic options for young population.