Fabrication of calcium alginate/gum arabic/egg shell composite microbeads for adsorptive removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions

IF 3.4 4区工程技术 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Macromolecular Research Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI:10.1007/s13233-025-00408-4

Melike Nisa Sandikci, Birol Isik

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Abstract

This study focuses on the design and application of calcium alginate/gum arabic/eggshell powder composite microbeads (CA/GA/ES10) for the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions through the adsorption method. The characterization of adsorbents was conducted utilizing ATR-FTIR, SEM, XRD, TGA, and pH_pzc. The pH_pzc value of CA/GA/ES10 composite microbeads was determined as 5.56. From optimization studies, the contact time, adsorbent dosage, and pH values were determined as 60 min, 0.1 g/50 mL, and ≅ 7, respectively. The adsorption raw data have been utilized in the non-linear Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Sips models. The maximum adsorption capacity of CA/GA/ES10 composite microbeads, as per the Sips, was determined to be 33.30 mg/g at 298 K. The high correlation coefficients (\(r^{2}\) = 0.9976) and low error functions (\(\chi^{2}\) = 0.03) indicate that the non-linear Langmuir is the most appropriate isotherm for the adsorption process. From the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity was determined as 29.71 mg/g at 298 K. The adsorption process adheres to a non-linear pseudo-second-order (\(r^{2}\) = 0.9999) and Elovich (\(r^{2}\) = 0.9999) models. According to thermodynamic results, the adsorption process occurs exothermic (\(\Delta H^{^\circ } = - 3.77\;{\text{kJ/mol}}\)) and spontaneous (\(\Delta G^{^\circ } = - 25.83\;{\text{kJ/mol}}\;{\text{at}}\;298\;{\text{K}}\)) in nature. The impact of varying salt concentrations on the adsorption process was assessed. According to the salt effect, the removal percentage decreased from 81.12 to 65.15% with the addition of NaCl, and from 81.12 to 58.78% with the addition of CaCl₂. The reusability tests show that the composite microbeads created can be used repeatedly for up to 7 cycles. After the 7th cycle, the removal of MB dye decreased from 81.11 to 53.45%. All results showed that the prepared ternary composite microbeads are effective adsorbents for the removal of cationic dye from aqueous solutions.

Graphical abstract

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海藻酸钙/阿拉伯胶/蛋壳复合微球吸附去除水溶液中亚甲基蓝染料的制备

本研究主要研究海藻酸钙/阿拉伯胶/蛋壳粉复合微珠（CA/GA/ES10）的设计与应用，用于吸附法去除水溶液中的亚甲基蓝染料。利用ATR-FTIR、SEM、XRD、TGA和pHpzc对吸附剂进行了表征。测定CA/GA/ES10复合微珠的pHpzc值为5.56。通过优化研究，确定接触时间为60 min，吸附剂用量为0.1 g/50 mL， pH值为× 7。吸附原始数据已用于非线性Langmuir， Freundlich， Temkin和Sips模型。实验结果表明，CA/GA/ES10复合微珠在298 K下的最大吸附量为33.30 mg/g。高相关系数（\(r^{2}\) = 0.9976）和低误差函数（\(\chi^{2}\) = 0.03）表明非线性Langmuir等温线是最合适的吸附等温线。根据Langmuir模型，在298 K下，最大吸附量为29.71 mg/g。吸附过程符合非线性伪二阶（\(r^{2}\) = 0.9999）和Elovich （\(r^{2}\) = 0.9999）模型。根据热力学结果，吸附过程在自然界中发生放热（\(\Delta H^{^\circ } = - 3.77\;{\text{kJ/mol}}\)）和自发（\(\Delta G^{^\circ } = - 25.83\;{\text{kJ/mol}}\;{\text{at}}\;298\;{\text{K}}\)）。考察了不同盐浓度对吸附过程的影响。受盐效应影响，去除率由81.12％降至65.15％% with the addition of NaCl, and from 81.12 to 58.78% with the addition of CaCl2. The reusability tests show that the composite microbeads created can be used repeatedly for up to 7 cycles. After the 7th cycle, the removal of MB dye decreased from 81.11 to 53.45%. All results showed that the prepared ternary composite microbeads are effective adsorbents for the removal of cationic dye from aqueous solutions.Graphical abstract

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来源期刊

Macromolecular Research 工程技术-高分子科学

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

8.30%

发文量

100

审稿时长

1.3 months

期刊介绍： Original research on all aspects of polymer science, engineering and technology, including nanotechnology Presents original research articles on all aspects of polymer science, engineering and technology Coverage extends to such topics as nanotechnology, biotechnology and information technology The English-language journal of the Polymer Society of Korea Macromolecular Research is a scientific journal published monthly by the Polymer Society of Korea. Macromolecular Research publishes original researches on all aspects of polymer science, engineering, and technology as well as new emerging technologies using polymeric materials including nanotechnology, biotechnology, and information technology in forms of Articles, Communications, Notes, Reviews, and Feature articles.