Associations of adolescent BMI and physical fitness with cardiovascular health in middle age: a population-based prospective study of Swedish men.

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

American Journal of Preventive Medicine Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI:10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108128

Ángel Herraiz-Adillo, Viktor H Ahlqvist, Kristofer Hedman, Sara Higueras-Fresnillo, Emil Hagström, Melony Fortuin- de Smidt, Bledar Daka, Cecilia Lenander, Anton Olsson, Daniel Berglind, Carl Johan Östgren, Karin Rådholm, Francisco B Ortega, Pontus Henriksson

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Early-life determinants of middle-age cardiovascular health are poorly understood. This study examines associations of body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness in male adolescents with cardiovascular health measured by the Life's Essential 8 score in middle age.

Methods: A population-based cohort study linked BMI and physical fitness from the Swedish Military Conscription Register (men conscripted 1972-1987) to cardiovascular health from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS, 2013-2018). In 2025, 8930 men (mean age 18.3 years) were analyzed after 38.2 years of follow-up. Physical fitness included cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal cycle-ergometer test), and muscular strength (isometric dynamometry of knee extension, elbow flexion, and handgrip). Cardiovascular health was evaluated using the American Heart Association Life's Essential 8 score (0-100; poor health <60). Associations were assessed using linear and binomial logistic regressions and restricted cubic splines.

Results: BMI and cardiorespiratory fitness exhibited J-shaped and linear associations, respectively, with cardiovascular health. Compared to normal weight (BMI: 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of having poor cardiovascular health for overweight (BMI: 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) were OR 2.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.00-2.92) and OR 5.38 (95% CI 2.99-9.70). No statistically significant associations were observed between muscular strength and cardiovascular health.

Conclusions: Obesity and low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness in male adolescents were associated with lower cardiovascular health in middle age, after nearly four decades of follow-up. Although further studies are needed, promotion of a healthy body weight and cardiorespiratory fitness in youth may be of importance for later cardiovascular health.

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青春期BMI和身体健康与中年心血管健康的关系：一项以瑞典男性为基础的前瞻性研究

早期生活对中年心血管健康的决定因素了解甚少。本研究考察了男性青少年的身体质量指数（BMI）和身体健康与中年时心血管健康的关系。方法：一项基于人群的队列研究将瑞典征兵登记册（1972-1987年征召的男性）的BMI和身体健康与瑞典心肺生物图像研究（SCAPIS, 2013-2018）的心血管健康联系起来。2025年，8930名男性（平均年龄18.3岁）在38.2年的随访后被分析。身体健康包括心肺健康（最大循环-测力仪测试）和肌肉力量（膝关节伸展、肘部屈曲和握力等静力测量）。心血管健康使用美国心脏协会生命基本8分（0-100；健康状况不佳）进行评估结果：BMI和心肺健康分别与心血管健康呈j型和线性关系。与正常体重（BMI: 18.5-24.9 kg/m2）相比，心血管健康状况不佳的超重（BMI: 25.0-29.9 kg/m2）和肥胖（BMI≥30 kg/m2）的调整比值比（OR）分别为2.42（95%可信区间[CI] 2.00-2.92）和5.38 （95% CI 2.99-9.70）。肌肉力量和心血管健康之间没有统计学上的显著关联。结论：经过近40年的随访，男性青少年的肥胖和低水平的心肺健康与中年时较低的心血管健康有关。虽然需要进一步的研究，但促进青少年健康的体重和心肺健康可能对以后的心血管健康很重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

American Journal of Preventive Medicine 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

8.60

自引率

1.80%

发文量

395

审稿时长

32 days

期刊介绍： The American Journal of Preventive Medicine is the official journal of the American College of Preventive Medicine and the Association for Prevention Teaching and Research. It publishes articles in the areas of prevention research, teaching, practice and policy. Original research is published on interventions aimed at the prevention of chronic and acute disease and the promotion of individual and community health. Of particular emphasis are papers that address the primary and secondary prevention of important clinical, behavioral and public health issues such as injury and violence, infectious disease, women''s health, smoking, sedentary behaviors and physical activity, nutrition, diabetes, obesity, and substance use disorders. Papers also address educational initiatives aimed at improving the ability of health professionals to provide effective clinical prevention and public health services. Papers on health services research pertinent to prevention and public health are also published. The journal also publishes official policy statements from the two co-sponsoring organizations, review articles, media reviews, and editorials. Finally, the journal periodically publishes supplements and special theme issues devoted to areas of current interest to the prevention community.