Associations between residential greenness exposure during pregnancy and bone mineral density in early childhood

IF 7.7 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Research Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2025.122948

Yibing Zhu , Linxi Tang , Yudiyang Ma , Bin Sun , Haibo Li , Feipeng Cui , Jingmin Guo , Yaohua Tian , Chong Miao

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

The impact of residential greenness exposure during pregnancy on early childhood bone mineral density (BMD) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the association between residential greenness exposure during pregnancy and BMD in early childhood (0–3 years).

Methods

Data on participants, including demographics, health status, exposures, and outcomes, were derived from the pediatric subcohort within the Fujian Birth Cohort Study, recruited from 2019 to 2021. Greenness exposure was quantified using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index within 500-m buffer range. BMD was measured via quantitative ultrasonography (QUS), with low BMD defined as z-score below −1. To assess the associations of NDVI_500m with BMD and low BMD, linear regression and logistic regression models were applied.

Results

The median maternal age was 30.50 years (IQR = 5.00). We found that higher NDVI_500m exposure was consistently linked to higher BMD z-scores. An IQR increase in NDVI_500m during the entire pregnancy resulted in a 0.04 (95 % CI: 0.01, 0.06) increase in BMD z-scores. For the first, second, and third trimesters, each IQR increase in NDVI_500m exposure led to a 0.03 (95 % CI: 0.00, 0.06), 0.04 (95 % CI: 0.00, 0.07), and 0.04 (95 % CI: 0.01, 0.07) increase in BMD z-scores, respectively. However, no significant relationship was observed between NDVI_500m and low BMD risk.

Conclusions

This study revealed a positive association of residential greenness exposure across the entire pregnancy and all trimesters with BMD in early childhood. These findings underscore the potential benefits of enhancing maternal access to greenness during pregnancy for improving offspring bone health.

Abstract Image

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怀孕期间居住环境暴露与儿童早期骨密度之间的关系。

背景：孕期居住环境暴露对儿童早期骨密度（BMD）的影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨怀孕期间住宅绿化暴露与儿童早期（0-3岁）骨密度之间的关系。方法：参与者的数据，包括人口统计学、健康状况、暴露和结局，来自福建出生队列研究中的儿科亚队列，招募时间为2019年至2021年。采用归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index）对500 m缓冲范围内的绿化暴露进行量化。通过定量超声（QUS）测量骨密度，低骨密度定义为z-score低于-1。为了评估NDVI500m与骨密度和低骨密度之间的关系，应用了线性回归和逻辑回归模型。结果：产妇年龄中位数为30.50岁（IQR = 5.00）。我们发现，较高的NDVI500m暴露始终与较高的BMD z分数相关。全孕期NDVI500m IQR增加导致BMD z-评分增加0.04 （95% CI: 0.01, 0.06）。在第一、第二和第三孕期，NDVI500m暴露每增加一个IQR， BMD z-score分别增加0.03 （95% CI: 0.00, 0.06）、0.04 （95% CI: 0.00, 0.07）和0.04 （95% CI: 0.01, 0.07）。然而，NDVI500m与低BMD风险之间没有显著关系。结论：本研究揭示了在整个妊娠期和所有妊娠期暴露于住宅绿化与儿童早期骨密度呈正相关。这些发现强调了增加母亲在怀孕期间获得绿色的潜在好处，以改善后代的骨骼健康。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Environmental Research 环境科学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

12.60

自引率

8.40%

发文量

2480

审稿时长

4.7 months

期刊介绍： The Environmental Research journal presents a broad range of interdisciplinary research, focused on addressing worldwide environmental concerns and featuring innovative findings. Our publication strives to explore relevant anthropogenic issues across various environmental sectors, showcasing practical applications in real-life settings.