Absence of West Nile and Usutu Virus Persistence in Overwintering Mosquitoes in Northeastern France: Insights from Cold-Season Surveillance.

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 VIROLOGY

Viruses-Basel Pub Date : 2025-09-06 DOI:10.3390/v17091217

Pauline Jourdan, Jean-Philippe Martinet, Hubert Ferté, Bruno Mathieu, Marie Vazeille, Jérôme Depaquit, Anna-Bella Failloux, Anouk Decors, Rémi Charrel

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Abstract

Emerging arboviruses of the Orthoflavivirus genus such as West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV), primarily transmitted by Culex mosquitoes, pose significant public health threats due to their ability to cause severe neurological diseases in humans and animals. While studies in North America and Central Europe have shown that these viruses can persist in overwintering mosquitoes, their role in viral maintenance during the cold season in northeastern France remains unknown. This study aimed to assess whether overwintering female mosquitoes in this region could harbor WNV or USUV during the cold season, potentially maintaining viral circulation until the following transmission season. Between October 2021 and February 2024, a total of 10,617 overwintering female mosquitoes were collected in various types of habitats across five departments in northeastern France. The most common species was Culex pipiens (88%). Mosquitoes were grouped into 1121 pools (1-10 individuals each) and tested by real-time RT-PCR for WNV, USUV, and other flaviviruses using a pan-Flavivirus NS5-targeting assay. All pools tested negative, indicating no evidence of viral RNA in overwintering females. These results suggested that overwintering female mosquitoes in northeastern France do not act as reservoirs for WNV or USUV, and do not contribute to their overwintering maintenance.

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法国东北部越冬蚊子中不存在西尼罗河病毒和乌苏图病毒：来自冷季监测的见解。

新出现的正黄病毒属虫媒病毒，如西尼罗河病毒（WNV）和乌苏图病毒（USUV），主要由库蚊传播，由于能够在人类和动物中引起严重的神经系统疾病，对公共卫生构成重大威胁。虽然北美和中欧的研究表明，这些病毒可以在越冬的蚊子身上持续存在，但它们在法国东北部寒冷季节病毒维持中的作用尚不清楚。本研究旨在评估该地区越冬雌蚊在寒冷季节是否可能携带西尼罗河病毒或USUV，并可能保持病毒传播直到下一个传播季节。在2021年10月至2024年2月期间，在法国东北部5个省的不同类型栖息地共收集了10617只越冬雌蚊。最常见的是淡纹库蚊（88%）。将蚊虫分为1121个蚊池（每池1 ~ 10只），采用泛黄病毒ns5靶向法，实时RT-PCR检测WNV、USUV和其他黄病毒。所有池的检测结果均为阴性，表明在越冬的雌性中没有病毒RNA的证据。这些结果表明，法国东北部越冬雌蚊不是西尼罗河病毒或USUV的宿主，对其越冬维持没有贡献。

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来源期刊

Viruses-Basel VIROLOGY-

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

12.80%

发文量

2445

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915) is an open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies of viruses. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, communications, conference reports and short notes. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. We also encourage the publication of timely reviews and commentaries on topics of interest to the virology community and feature highlights from the virology literature in the ''News and Views'' section. Electronic files or software regarding the full details of the calculation and experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material.