{"title":"Metabolic Profiling, Tissue Distribution, and Tolerance Assessment of Bopu Powder in Laying Hens Following Long-Term Dietary Administration.","authors":"Hongting Wang, Xinhao Wang, Jiaxin Xu, Zihui Yang, Zhen Dong, Jianguo Zeng, Hua Liu","doi":"10.3390/vetsci12090848","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to elucidate the metabolic profile and safety of Bopu Powder in laying hens, focusing on its principal alkaloids protopine (PRO) and allocryptopine (ALL). Nine hens received intravenous PRO (1 mg/kg·bw), ALL (1 mg/kg·bw), or saline. Blood (5-120 min post-dose) and feces (48 h collection) were analyzed via LC-Q-TOF-MS, revealing 9 ALL and 12 PRO metabolites, including two novel structures. In a separate 56-day trial, 324 hens were assigned to control, 50 mg/kg Bopu Powder (BP), or 500 mg/kg Bopu Powder (BPX) groups. Post-trial analyses showed PRO and ALL residues primarily in their kidneys (BP: PRO 11.21 ng/g, ALL 6.59 ng/g; BPX: PRO 23.62 ng/g, ALL 7.92 ng/g) and livers (BP: PRO 15.52 ng/g; BPX: PRO 269.49 ng/g, ALL 56.14 ng/g). Residues in eggs occurred exclusively in the BPX group (PRO 26.86 ng/g, ALL 12.29 ng/g). No residues were detected in other tissues (jejunum, ileum, ovaries, oviducts, uterus, muscle, fat, gizzard). Serum biochemical indicators and histopathological examinations were used to evaluate the long-term effects of Bopu Powder. The results confirmed that supplementation at doses up to 500 mg/kg did not induce any significant physiological or histopathological alterations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23694,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474366/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Veterinary Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12090848","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the metabolic profile and safety of Bopu Powder in laying hens, focusing on its principal alkaloids protopine (PRO) and allocryptopine (ALL). Nine hens received intravenous PRO (1 mg/kg·bw), ALL (1 mg/kg·bw), or saline. Blood (5-120 min post-dose) and feces (48 h collection) were analyzed via LC-Q-TOF-MS, revealing 9 ALL and 12 PRO metabolites, including two novel structures. In a separate 56-day trial, 324 hens were assigned to control, 50 mg/kg Bopu Powder (BP), or 500 mg/kg Bopu Powder (BPX) groups. Post-trial analyses showed PRO and ALL residues primarily in their kidneys (BP: PRO 11.21 ng/g, ALL 6.59 ng/g; BPX: PRO 23.62 ng/g, ALL 7.92 ng/g) and livers (BP: PRO 15.52 ng/g; BPX: PRO 269.49 ng/g, ALL 56.14 ng/g). Residues in eggs occurred exclusively in the BPX group (PRO 26.86 ng/g, ALL 12.29 ng/g). No residues were detected in other tissues (jejunum, ileum, ovaries, oviducts, uterus, muscle, fat, gizzard). Serum biochemical indicators and histopathological examinations were used to evaluate the long-term effects of Bopu Powder. The results confirmed that supplementation at doses up to 500 mg/kg did not induce any significant physiological or histopathological alterations.
本研究旨在研究博普散在蛋鸡体内的代谢特征和安全性,重点研究其主要生物碱原碱(PRO)和异隐碱(ALL)。9只母鸡静脉注射PRO (1 mg/kg·bw)、ALL (1 mg/kg·bw)和生理盐水。通过LC-Q-TOF-MS分析血液(给药后5-120分钟)和粪便(收集48小时),发现9种ALL和12种PRO代谢物,包括两种新的结构。在56 d的单独试验中,将324只母鸡分为对照组、50 mg/kg博普粉(BP)组和500 mg/kg博普粉(BPX)组。试验后分析显示,PRO和ALL的残留主要存在于肾脏(BP: PRO 11.21 ng/g, ALL 6.59 ng/g; BPX: PRO 23.62 ng/g, ALL 7.92 ng/g)和肝脏(BP: PRO 15.52 ng/g; BPX: PRO 269.49 ng/g, ALL 56.14 ng/g)。鸡蛋中的残留仅出现在BPX组(PRO 26.86 ng/g, ALL 12.29 ng/g)。其他组织(空肠、回肠、卵巢、输卵管、子宫、肌肉、脂肪、砂囊)未检出残留。采用血清生化指标和组织病理学检查评价博普散的远期疗效。结果证实,补充剂量高达500mg /kg不会引起任何显著的生理或组织病理学改变。
期刊介绍:
Veterinary Sciences is an international and interdisciplinary scholarly open access journal. It publishes original that are relevant to any field of veterinary sciences, including prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, disorder and injury in animals. This journal covers almost all topics related to animal health and veterinary medicine. Research fields of interest include but are not limited to: anaesthesiology anatomy bacteriology biochemistry cardiology dentistry dermatology embryology endocrinology epidemiology genetics histology immunology microbiology molecular biology mycology neurobiology oncology ophthalmology parasitology pathology pharmacology physiology radiology surgery theriogenology toxicology virology.