Immunotherapy of Oncovirus-Induced Cancers: A Review on the Development and Efficacy of Targeted Vaccines.

IF 5.2 3区医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY

Vaccines Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI:10.3390/vaccines13090911

Chi Sing Ng

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: A number of viruses are oncogenic. These include the human papilloma virus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi sarcoma human herpes virus 2/human herpes virus 8 (KSHHV/HHV8), hepatitis B virus, (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Merkel cell polyoma virus (McPyV), and the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). These viruses cause malignancies ranging from carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, to leukemias. This review aims to study the effects and efficacy of vaccines against these viruses and the cancers they cause in their prevention and treatment.

Methods: The literature in the past 30 years was searched employing Scopus and Google Scholar using the keywords "oncogenic viruses, HPV, EBV, KSHHV, HHV8, Polyoma virus, HTLV-1, COVID-19, carcinoma, sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia, anti-virus vaccines".

Results: Prophylactic vaccines against the HPV and HBV are highly effective in preventing and reducing the incidence of uterine cervical and hepatocellular carcinomas. Prophylactic vaccines against other oncogenic viruses have been less successful, though efficacious in some experimental animals. Therapeutic vaccines are still mostly under evaluation and development.

Conclusions: Identification of oncogenic viruses has rendered anti-viral vaccines conspicuous tools for preventing and treating cancers they cause. Many endeavors for the development of such vaccines have been met with limited success, apart from the very effective anti-HPV and anti-HBV vaccines in universal vaccination programs. With the development of new vaccine technologies, it is hoped that effective vaccines against other oncogenic viruses will be developed in the future.

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肿瘤病毒诱导肿瘤的免疫治疗：靶向疫苗的发展和疗效综述。

背景：许多病毒是致癌的。这些病毒包括人类乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）、爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）、卡波西肉瘤人类疱疹病毒2/人类疱疹病毒8 （KSHHV/HHV8）、乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）、默克尔细胞多瘤病毒（McPyV）和人类t细胞白血病病毒1型（HTLV-1）。这些病毒引起恶性肿瘤，从癌、肉瘤、淋巴瘤到白血病。本文旨在研究疫苗在预防和治疗这些病毒及其引起的癌症方面的效果和功效。方法：采用Scopus和谷歌Scholar检索近30年的相关文献，检索关键词为“致瘤病毒、HPV、EBV、KSHHV、HHV8、多瘤病毒、HTLV-1、COVID-19、癌、肉瘤、淋巴瘤、白血病、抗病毒疫苗”。结果：HPV和HBV预防疫苗对预防和降低子宫颈癌和肝细胞癌的发生率有较高的疗效。针对其他致癌病毒的预防性疫苗虽然在一些实验动物中有效，但并不那么成功。治疗性疫苗大部分仍处于评估和开发阶段。结论：对致瘤病毒的鉴定使抗病毒疫苗成为预防和治疗由其引起的癌症的重要工具。除了在普遍疫苗接种计划中非常有效的抗hpv和抗hbv疫苗外，开发此类疫苗的许多努力都取得了有限的成功。随着新疫苗技术的发展，未来有望开发出针对其他致癌病毒的有效疫苗。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Vaccines Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-Pharmacology

CiteScore

8.90

自引率

16.70%

发文量

1853

审稿时长

18.06 days

期刊介绍： Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal focused on laboratory and clinical vaccine research, utilization and immunization. Vaccines publishes high quality reviews, regular research papers, communications and case reports.