Embryotoxicity analysis of anti-arrhythmia drugs amiodarone, dronedarone, and their metabolites using 3D gastruloid models.

IF 2.8 4区 医学 Q2 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY
Courtney Kehaulani Kurashima, Yusuke Marikawa
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Amiodarone and dronedarone are anti-arrhythmic drugs that are structurally related but differ in iodine content. Although contraindicated during pregnancy due to suspected embryotoxicity based on animal studies, their mechanisms of action and relevance to human development remain unclear. Here, we used gastruloids - 3D aggregates of mouse or human pluripotent stem cells that recapitulate axial elongation morphogenesis of early embryos - to investigate their developmental effects. In mouse gastruloids, both drugs and their major metabolites impaired growth and elongation at 1.5 - 3.0 µM. They also altered expression of genes involved in somite segmentation and retinoic acid biosynthesis. Notably, dronedarone down-regulated additional genes, and only amiodarone's morphological effects were alleviated by retinoic acid supplementation, suggesting distinct mechanisms of action. In human gastruloids, dronedarone induced abnormal convoluted morphology and disrupted gene expression at concentrations as low as 0.05 µM, whereas amiodarone showed effects at 2.0 µM, indicating greater sensitivity of the human model to dronedarone. Transcriptomic analyses revealed both overlapping and distinct gene expression changes between the two drugs. These results demonstrate that gastruloid-based assays can detect adverse effects of amiodarone and dronedarone at clinically relevant concentrations, as therapeutic plasma levels are approximately 1.3 - 2.6 µM for amiodarone and 0.15 - 0.30 µM for dronedarone. The study also provided mechanistic and human-relevant insights not attainable through traditional animal testing. Our findings underscore the utility of stem cell-based models for assessing human developmental toxicity, and support their use in evaluating safer alternatives for anti-arrhythmic therapy during pregnancy.

利用三维胃原体模型分析抗心律失常药物胺碘酮、drone - edarone及其代谢物的胚胎毒性。
胺碘酮和雄龙酮是结构上相关但碘含量不同的抗心律失常药物。尽管根据动物研究,由于怀疑胚胎毒性,在怀孕期间禁用,但其作用机制及其与人类发育的相关性尚不清楚。在这里,我们使用类胃原体——小鼠或人类多能干细胞的三维聚集体,再现早期胚胎的轴向伸长形态发生——来研究它们的发育影响。在小鼠类胃原体中,两种药物及其主要代谢物在1.5 - 3.0µM时均会损害生长和伸长。他们还改变了参与体粒分割和维甲酸生物合成的基因的表达。值得注意的是,drone - edarone下调了其他基因,并且补充维甲酸只减轻了胺碘酮的形态学影响,提示其作用机制不同。在人类胃原体中,当浓度低至0.05µM时,drone drodroone诱导异常卷曲形态和基因表达中断,而胺碘酮在2.0µM时表现出影响,表明人模型对drone drodroone的敏感性更高。转录组学分析显示两种药物之间存在重叠和不同的基因表达变化。这些结果表明,在临床相关浓度下,基于胃原液的检测可以检测到胺碘酮和drone .酮的不良反应,因为胺碘酮的治疗血浆水平约为1.3 - 2.6 μ M, drone .酮的治疗血浆水平约为0.15 - 0.30 μ M。该研究还提供了通过传统动物试验无法获得的机制和与人类相关的见解。我们的研究结果强调了基于干细胞的模型在评估人类发育毒性方面的效用,并支持将其用于评估妊娠期间抗心律失常治疗的更安全替代方案。
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来源期刊
Reproductive toxicology
Reproductive toxicology 生物-毒理学
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
3.00%
发文量
131
审稿时长
45 days
期刊介绍: Drawing from a large number of disciplines, Reproductive Toxicology publishes timely, original research on the influence of chemical and physical agents on reproduction. Written by and for obstetricians, pediatricians, embryologists, teratologists, geneticists, toxicologists, andrologists, and others interested in detecting potential reproductive hazards, the journal is a forum for communication among researchers and practitioners. Articles focus on the application of in vitro, animal and clinical research to the practice of clinical medicine. All aspects of reproduction are within the scope of Reproductive Toxicology, including the formation and maturation of male and female gametes, sexual function, the events surrounding the fusion of gametes and the development of the fertilized ovum, nourishment and transport of the conceptus within the genital tract, implantation, embryogenesis, intrauterine growth, placentation and placental function, parturition, lactation and neonatal survival. Adverse reproductive effects in males will be considered as significant as adverse effects occurring in females. To provide a balanced presentation of approaches, equal emphasis will be given to clinical and animal or in vitro work. Typical end points that will be studied by contributors include infertility, sexual dysfunction, spontaneous abortion, malformations, abnormal histogenesis, stillbirth, intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity, behavioral abnormalities, and perinatal mortality.
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