Doping of PDMS-NQS Sensors to Modify Their Response and Sustainability: Ammonia Quantitation in Farm Atmospheres as a Case Study.

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymers Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI:10.3390/polym17182466

Belén Monforte-Gómez, Camila Soto, Pilar Campíns-Falcó

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In this work, different passive solid composites of 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt (NQS) embedded in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and tetraorthoethylsilicate (TEOS) doped with silica nanoparticles (SiO₂NPs) were obtained. New composites including deep eutectic solvent (DES) and choline chloride (ChCl) were synthetized and compared here vs. ionic liquid (IL) which was previously proposed, from their passive response with time. Monitoring and controlling of ammonia levels inside poultry and rabbit farming facilities are essential for animal welfare, workers' exposure assessment, and measurement of environmental emissions. Real poultry and rabbit farm atmosphere samples were analyzed at different sensor exposition times, obtaining results between two and eight ppmv of NH₃ in all cases. The results were compared by air sampling with Tedlar bags and analysis by UHPLC-QTOF from a miniaturized SPE supported derivatization that was developed. As primary amine group NH₃ was the major component in the farm atmosphere, the presence of methylamine was negligible. PDMS-based sensors with DES or ChCl add new potential for previously developed composites, improving the versatility for controlling ammonia by using new sustainable composites with different time responses.

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掺杂PDMS-NQS传感器以改变其响应和可持续性：以农场大气中的氨定量为例研究。

在这项工作中，1,2-萘醌-4-磺酸钠盐（NQS）包埋在聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）和掺杂二氧化硅纳米颗粒（SiO2NPs）的四正乙基硅酸盐（TEOS）中，获得了不同的被动固体复合材料。合成了深度共晶溶剂（DES）和氯化胆碱（ChCl）等新型复合材料，并从其随时间的被动响应与离子液体（IL）进行了比较。监测和控制家禽和兔子养殖设施内的氨水平对动物福利、工人接触评估和环境排放测量至关重要。在不同的传感器暴露时间下，对真实家禽和家兔养殖场的大气样本进行了分析，所有情况下的NH3均在2至8 ppmv之间。采用telar袋空气采样和小型固相萃取衍生化UHPLC-QTOF进行分析比较。由于伯胺族NH3是农场大气中的主要成分，甲胺的存在可以忽略不计。基于pdms的DES或ChCl传感器为以前开发的复合材料增加了新的潜力，通过使用具有不同时间响应的新型可持续复合材料，提高了控制氨的通用性。

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来源期刊

Polymers POLYMER SCIENCE-

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

16.00%

发文量

4697

审稿时长

1.3 months

期刊介绍： Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360) is an international, open access journal of polymer science. It publishes research papers, short communications and review papers. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Polymers provides an interdisciplinary forum for publishing papers which advance the fields of (i) polymerization methods, (ii) theory, simulation, and modeling, (iii) understanding of new physical phenomena, (iv) advances in characterization techniques, and (v) harnessing of self-assembly and biological strategies for producing complex multifunctional structures.