Eco-Friendly Recovery of Homogalacturonan-Rich Pectin from Flaxseed Cake via NADES Extraction.

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymers Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI:10.3390/polym17182532

Aleksandra Mazurek-Hołys, Ewa Górska, Marta Tsirigotis-Maniecka, Maria Zoumpanioti, Roman Bleha, Izabela Pawlaczyk-Graja

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Flaxseed polysaccharides (FLP) are bioactive macromolecules with valuable functional properties and applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and packaging industries. This study focused on obtaining high-purity pectin from flaxseed cake using sustainable extraction with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) based on choline chloride (ChCl) and citric acid (CA) The ChCl/CA system (1:1) resulted in the LU3 extract, which provided the best outcome, yielding the highest pectin recovery (36.88 mg/g), elevated uronic acid content (30.33% of sample; 68.15% of saccharides), and the lowest protein contamination (11.46%), confirming superior pectin purity. Structural (UV-Vis, FT-IR, GC-MS, GPC, LH-20) identified homogalacturonan with xylogalacturonan domains (53% DM) and a molecular weight range of 14-500 × 10³ g/mol. Morphological and physicochemical characterization, including SEM/EDS imaging, zeta potential analysis, and rheological measurements, revealed that LU3 is an anionic, heterogeneous biopolymer exhibiting pH-dependent charge behavior. These properties underscore its potential as a safe and effective material for bio-industrial applications. Overall, the study demonstrates that NADES provide an eco-friendly and efficient medium for extracting high-quality pectin from flaxseed cake, offering a sustainable strategy for the valorization of flaxseed polysaccharides in bio-based products.

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NADES萃取法从亚麻籽饼中环保回收富含半乳糖醛酸的果胶。

亚麻籽多糖（FLP）是一种具有生物活性的大分子物质，在食品、制药和包装等领域具有重要的应用价值。以氯化胆碱（ChCl）和柠檬酸（CA）为原料，采用天然深共溶溶剂（NADES）对亚麻籽饼中的果胶进行可持续提取。ChCl/CA体系为1:1，得到的LU3提取物效果最佳，果胶回收率最高（36.88 mg/g），醛酸含量提高（30.33%），糖含量提高（68.15%），蛋白质污染最低（11.46%），果胶纯度较高。结构（UV-Vis, FT-IR, GC-MS， GPC, LH-20）鉴定均半乳糖酸具有木半乳糖酸结构域（53% DM），分子量范围为14-500 × 103 g/mol。形态学和物理化学表征，包括SEM/EDS成像、zeta电位分析和流变学测量，表明LU3是一种阴离子、非均相生物聚合物，具有ph依赖的电荷行为。这些特性强调了它作为一种安全有效的生物工业材料的潜力。总之，该研究表明，NADES为从亚麻籽饼中提取优质果胶提供了一种环保高效的培养基，为亚麻籽多糖在生物基产品中的增值提供了可持续的策略。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Polymers POLYMER SCIENCE-

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

16.00%

发文量

4697

审稿时长

1.3 months

期刊介绍： Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360) is an international, open access journal of polymer science. It publishes research papers, short communications and review papers. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Polymers provides an interdisciplinary forum for publishing papers which advance the fields of (i) polymerization methods, (ii) theory, simulation, and modeling, (iii) understanding of new physical phenomena, (iv) advances in characterization techniques, and (v) harnessing of self-assembly and biological strategies for producing complex multifunctional structures.