Prenatal Evaluation of Scrotal Masses: A Systematic Literature Review.

IF 2.7 2区医学 Q2 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Prenatal Diagnosis Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI:10.1002/pd.6898

Federica Romanzi, Chiara Di Ilio, Chiara Airoldi, Gloria Anderson, Eleonora Torcia, Francesca Felici, Maria Vittoria Alesi, Rossana Cottone, Giulia Di Marco, Elvira Passananti, Alessandra Familiari, Tullio Ghi, Elisa Bevilacqua

{"title":"Prenatal Evaluation of Scrotal Masses: A Systematic Literature Review.","authors":"Federica Romanzi, Chiara Di Ilio, Chiara Airoldi, Gloria Anderson, Eleonora Torcia, Francesca Felici, Maria Vittoria Alesi, Rossana Cottone, Giulia Di Marco, Elvira Passananti, Alessandra Familiari, Tullio Ghi, Elisa Bevilacqua","doi":"10.1002/pd.6898","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evaluation of fetal genitalia is often neglected after determining fetal sex, yet the identification of a scrotal mass may suggest significant underlying conditions requiring specific management. We conducted a systematic literature review, following PRISMA guidelines and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024559035), on the five most common causes of prenatal scrotal masses: inguinoscrotal hernia (IH), meconium periorchitis (MPO), testicular solid tumors (TST), hydrocele (H), and testicular torsion (TT). A total of 83 cases were included (IH = 31; MPO = 23; TST = 6; H = 10; TT = 13), all diagnosed in the third trimester. IH typically presented as unilateral right-sided masses (63%), while MPO and H were predominantly bilateral (72% and 100%). TST and TT were mainly unilateral with no side preference. IH and MPO showed larger average diameters (> 35 mm). Additional findings were often associated with IH and MPO. MPO had the highest rates of preterm delivery (48%), neonatal medical support (40%), and urgent surgery (60.86%). IH and TST were usually associated with term deliveries and scheduled surgery (92.31% and 100%). TT showed a high incidence of urgent surgery (61.54%). This review outlines key sonographic features of prenatal scrotal masses to guide differential diagnosis and optimize perinatal care strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20387,"journal":{"name":"Prenatal Diagnosis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Prenatal Diagnosis","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.6898","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"GENETICS & HEREDITY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Evaluation of fetal genitalia is often neglected after determining fetal sex, yet the identification of a scrotal mass may suggest significant underlying conditions requiring specific management. We conducted a systematic literature review, following PRISMA guidelines and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024559035), on the five most common causes of prenatal scrotal masses: inguinoscrotal hernia (IH), meconium periorchitis (MPO), testicular solid tumors (TST), hydrocele (H), and testicular torsion (TT). A total of 83 cases were included (IH = 31; MPO = 23; TST = 6; H = 10; TT = 13), all diagnosed in the third trimester. IH typically presented as unilateral right-sided masses (63%), while MPO and H were predominantly bilateral (72% and 100%). TST and TT were mainly unilateral with no side preference. IH and MPO showed larger average diameters (> 35 mm). Additional findings were often associated with IH and MPO. MPO had the highest rates of preterm delivery (48%), neonatal medical support (40%), and urgent surgery (60.86%). IH and TST were usually associated with term deliveries and scheduled surgery (92.31% and 100%). TT showed a high incidence of urgent surgery (61.54%). This review outlines key sonographic features of prenatal scrotal masses to guide differential diagnosis and optimize perinatal care strategies.

查看原文本刊更多论文

阴囊肿块的产前评估：系统的文献综述。

在确定胎儿性别后，对胎儿生殖器的评估往往被忽视，但阴囊肿块的鉴定可能表明需要特殊处理的重要潜在疾病。我们根据PRISMA指南并在PROSPERO注册（CRD42024559035），对产前阴囊肿块的五种最常见原因进行了系统的文献回顾：腹股沟阴囊疝（IH）、胎状睾丸周炎（MPO）、睾丸实体瘤（TST）、鞘膜积液(H)和睾丸扭转（TT）。共纳入83例（IH = 31, MPO = 23, TST = 6, H = 10, TT = 13），均诊断于妊娠晚期。IH通常表现为单侧右侧肿块（63%），而MPO和H主要表现为双侧肿块（72%和100%）。TST和TT以单侧为主，无侧偏。IH和MPO的平均直径较大（>为35 mm）。其他发现通常与IH和MPO相关。MPO早产率最高（48%），新生儿医疗支持率最高（40%），紧急手术率最高（60.86%）。IH和TST通常与足月分娩和计划手术相关（分别为92.31%和100%）。急症手术发生率高（61.54%）。本文综述了产前阴囊肿块的主要超声特征，以指导鉴别诊断和优化围产期护理策略。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Prenatal Diagnosis 医学-妇产科学

CiteScore

5.80

自引率

13.30%

发文量

204

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Prenatal Diagnosis welcomes submissions in all aspects of prenatal diagnosis with a particular focus on areas in which molecular biology and genetics interface with prenatal care and therapy, encompassing: all aspects of fetal imaging, including sonography and magnetic resonance imaging; prenatal cytogenetics, including molecular studies and array CGH; prenatal screening studies; fetal cells and cell-free nucleic acids in maternal blood and other fluids; preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD); prenatal diagnosis of single gene disorders, including metabolic disorders; fetal therapy; fetal and placental development and pathology; development and evaluation of laboratory services for prenatal diagnosis; psychosocial, legal, ethical and economic aspects of prenatal diagnosis; prenatal genetic counseling