{"title":"Personalized Therapeutic Advances in Erythropoietin Signaling: From Anemia Management to Extensive Clinical Applications.","authors":"Elena-Christen Creangă, Raluca Stan, Alina-Crenguţa Nicolae, Cristina Manuela Drăgoi, Ion-Bogdan Dumitrescu","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics17091190","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone essential for red blood cell production and a cornerstone therapy for anemia, particularly in chronic kidney disease. Beyond hematopoiesis, EPO exerts pleiotropic effects on metabolism, neuroprotection, and tissue regeneration. This review summarizes current insights into the molecular mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and clinical applications of recombinant human EPO (rHuEPO) and its analogs, with emphasis on personalized therapeutic strategies. Emerging evidence highlights both therapeutic opportunities and risks, including resistance, cardiovascular complications, and misuse in sports doping. Advances in detection methods, pharmacogenomics, and the development of novel agents such as HIF-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors are discussed, underscoring the expanding role of EPO in precision medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":19894,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutics","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473904/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Pharmaceutics","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17091190","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone essential for red blood cell production and a cornerstone therapy for anemia, particularly in chronic kidney disease. Beyond hematopoiesis, EPO exerts pleiotropic effects on metabolism, neuroprotection, and tissue regeneration. This review summarizes current insights into the molecular mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and clinical applications of recombinant human EPO (rHuEPO) and its analogs, with emphasis on personalized therapeutic strategies. Emerging evidence highlights both therapeutic opportunities and risks, including resistance, cardiovascular complications, and misuse in sports doping. Advances in detection methods, pharmacogenomics, and the development of novel agents such as HIF-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors are discussed, underscoring the expanding role of EPO in precision medicine.
PharmaceuticsPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-Pharmaceutical Science
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
11.10%
发文量
2379
审稿时长
16.41 days
期刊介绍：
Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923) is an open access journal which provides an advanced forum for the science and technology of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, communications, and short notes. Covered topics include pharmacokinetics, toxicokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics, and pharmaceutical formulation. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical details in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.
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