Effects of Pomegranate Extract on IGF-1 Levels and Telomere Length in Older Adults (55-70 Years): Findings from a Randomised Double-Blinded Controlled Trial.

Abstract

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that polyphenols may contribute to the attenuation of telomere attrition and the upregulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), primarily in animal and cell studies, and to a lesser extent in humans. Pomegranate extract, known for its high antioxidant capacity, has shown promise in preventing telomere shortening and enhancing IGF-1 levels, but evidence in humans is lacking. Objective: To investigate the effects of pomegranate extract on telomere length and serum IGF-1 levels in older adults aged 55-70 years. Methods: Participants took part in a two-arm double-blind parallel trial, receiving either placebo capsules (maltodextrin) or pomegranate extract (740 mg) daily for 12 weeks. At baseline, week 6 and week 12, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure readings and blood samples were collected. Telomere length and serum IGF-1 levels were assessed. Results: A total of 72 participants completed the study. Analysis showed a significant effect of treatment and time on IGF-1 ((F_2,136 = 3.43, p = 0.04), with levels significantly increasing in the pomegranate extract group at week 12. No significant effects on telomere length were noted. Weight status, physical activity, age, gender and energy intake did not impact the outcomes. Conclusions: Pomegranate extract significantly increased IGF-1 levels and could exert a positive role on vascular ageing. Further research is needed to replicate these findings and confirm its long-term benefits. Extended studies are required to elucidate its potential to counteract telomere shortening.