Gastrointestinal Parasites, Ectoparasites, and Fungi in Rabbits Attending Clinical Consultations and from Private Owners and Breeders in Portugal.

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY

Microorganisms Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI:10.3390/microorganisms13092146

Carolina Vale, João Lozano, Ana Reisinho, Mariana Louro, Manuela Oliveira, Eva Cunha, Patrícia Lopes, Lídia Gomes, Luís Madeira de Carvalho

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Abstract

Few studies have investigated gastrointestinal (GI) and external parasites, as well as environmental fungi, in rabbits using a One Health approach. Between September 2023-May 2024, fecal, hair and skin scraping samples were collected from 72 rabbits that attended clinical consultations and from private owners and breeders in Portugal. Diagnostic techniques included Mini-FLOTAC, direct immunofluorescence antibody, and the analysis of the virulence profile of fur fungi. A total of 58% of the rabbits were positive for GI parasites, namely Eimeria spp. (45%), Cryptosporidium spp. (32%), Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (17%), Passalurus ambiguus (13%), Graphidium strigosum (13%), and Giardia spp. (9%), with only 12% of the infected animals showing clinical signs (diarrhea). In addition, 10% of the animals were positive for Cheyletiella sp. infestations. Environmental fungi of the genera Penicillium, Rhizopus, and Scopulariopsis were isolated from 7% of these animals, with the Scopulariopsis sp. isolate S1 testing positive for proteinase, lecithinase, and gelatinase activities. Frequent sanitization and regular deworming emerged as essential factors to minimize parasitic frequency. This integrated diagnosis procedure proved to be effective in the search for parasitic and fungal agents in rabbit medicine. Further research is needed to improve the knowledge on the transmission and pathogenicity of these agents in rabbits.

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在葡萄牙参加临床会诊的兔子和来自私人主人和饲养者的胃肠道寄生虫、外寄生虫和真菌。

很少有研究使用同一健康方法调查家兔的胃肠道（GI）和外部寄生虫以及环境真菌。在2023年9月至2024年5月期间，从葡萄牙参加临床咨询的72只兔子以及私人主人和饲养者那里收集了粪便、毛发和皮肤刮擦样本。诊断技术包括Mini-FLOTAC、直接免疫荧光抗体和真菌毒力谱分析。共有58%的家兔胃肠道寄生虫呈阳性，分别为艾美耳球虫（45%）、隐孢子虫（32%）、变形毛线虫（17%）、双关虫（13%）、棘笔虫（13%）和贾第鞭毛虫（9%），只有12%的感染动物表现出临床症状（腹泻）。此外，有10%的动物检测出Cheyletiella sp.感染。从7%的动物中分离出青霉属、根霉属和Scopulariopsis属环境真菌，其中Scopulariopsis sp. S1分离物检测出蛋白酶、卵磷脂酶和明胶酶活性阳性。经常进行卫生处理和定期驱虫是减少寄生虫发生的必要因素。这种综合诊断方法在兔药中寄生虫和真菌制剂的检测中是有效的。需要进一步研究以提高对这些病原体在家兔中的传播和致病性的认识。

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来源期刊

Microorganisms Medicine-Microbiology (medical)

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

6.70%

发文量

2168

审稿时长

20.03 days

期刊介绍： Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, viruses and prions. It publishes reviews, research papers and communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files and software regarding the full details of the calculation or experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary electronic material.