Exploring the Oncogenic Potential of Human Papillomavirus in Subungual and Plantar Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review of the Literature.

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY

Cancers Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI:10.3390/cancers17183029

Richard Moraga, Theresa Hopkins, Gracie S Sclamberg, Elisa S Gallo

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the nail unit, known as the subungual region, and of the plantar foot is rare but often misdiagnosed due to its similar appearance to verruca, a common wart. The delayed diagnosis and treatment of SCC in the subungual and plantar foot leads to poorer outcomes. Human papillomavirus (HPV), and specifically the oncogenic potential of particular strains, influences SCC pathogenesis, progression, and treatment response.

Methods: This review aims to address the current state of knowledge as well as deficits associated with clinical treatment of SCC in two anatomically challenging locations: verrucous carcinoma (VC), a variant of SCC that affects the plantar foot, and subungual SCC. Articles reviewed were evaluated based on date of publication, quality, and originality. Additionally, articles published after 2015 were given preferential consideration.

Results: This review highlights considerations to reduce diagnostic delays and improve patient outcomes when considering two uncommon cutaneous malignancies.

Conclusions: We recognize that misdiagnosis poses a barrier in the treatment of both plantar VC and subungual SCC. As such, we identify pertinent clinical pearls to assist in accurate identification and treatment of SCC in these locations. Lastly, we address the role of HPV and the microbiome in the pathogenesis of SCC to improve treatment efficacy.

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探讨人乳头瘤病毒在足下和足底鳞状细胞癌中的致瘤潜能：文献综述。

背景：足底趾甲的鳞状细胞癌（SCC）很少见，但由于其外观与疣（一种常见的疣）相似，因此常被误诊。延迟诊断和治疗SCC在趾骨下和足底足导致较差的结果。人乳头瘤病毒（HPV），特别是特定毒株的致癌潜力，影响SCC的发病机制、进展和治疗反应。方法：本综述旨在解决两个解剖学上具有挑战性的部位的鳞状细胞癌的当前知识状况以及与临床治疗相关的缺陷：疣状癌（VC），一种影响足底的鳞状细胞癌变体，以及趾下鳞状细胞癌。评审的文章根据发表日期、质量和原创性进行评估。另外，2015年以后发表的文章优先考虑。结果：本综述强调在考虑两种不常见的皮肤恶性肿瘤时应注意减少诊断延误和改善患者预后。结论：我们认识到误诊是足底VC和趾下SCC治疗的障碍。因此，我们确定相关的临床珍珠，以协助准确识别和治疗这些部位的鳞状细胞癌。最后，我们讨论了HPV和微生物组在SCC发病机制中的作用，以提高治疗效果。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Cancers Medicine-Oncology

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

9.60%

发文量

5371

审稿时长

18.07 days

期刊介绍： Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal on oncology. It publishes reviews, regular research papers and short communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.