Knowledge and awareness of breast cancer symptoms, risk factors, and screening barriers among women in Kuwait: a cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer globally and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality across all demographics. In Kuwait, the incidence is 50 cases per 100,000 person-years. Delayed detection, often linked to limited awareness of breast cancer symptoms and risk factors, contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess breast cancer knowledge, awareness of symptoms and risk factors, and perceived barriers to screening among women in Kuwait.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 490 employed women aged 18 years and older across Kuwait. A structured questionnaire was used to assess participants' awareness of breast cancer symptoms and risk factors, as well as barriers to screening. Composite scores were developed for symptom awareness, risk factor knowledge, and screening barriers. Multiple linear regression was used to identify demographic predictors associated with each score.

Results: The median participant age was 35 years, with 66.1% holding a bachelor's degree. Higher education levels were significantly associated with greater BC sign identification (p = 0.013 for bachelor's degree; p = 0.009 for postgraduate degree). Participants with a family history of breast cancer demonstrated significantly greater knowledge of both BC signs and risk factors (p < 0.001). The most recognised symptom was a breast lump or thickening (72.0%). The most frequently cited barrier to screening was concern about pain or discomfort (57.8%).

Conclusion: While women in Kuwait have moderate awareness of key breast cancer symptoms and risk factors, knowledge gaps and screening barriers persist, particularly regarding lesser-known warning signs and screening apprehension. Public health strategies should prioritise targeted education initiatives, including workplace wellness programs and culturally tailored awareness campaigns, to improve early detection and reduce the breast cancer burden in the region.