Perspectives on Alzheimer's Disease Treatment Based on Counteracting Oxidative Stress.

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and one of the most pressing global health challenges. Increasing evidence highlights oxidative stress as a key factor in its pathogenesis, contributing to amyloid-β accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Oxidative stress markers, detected in the bodily fluids of AD patients, are considered promising diagnostic and prognostic tools. Despite extensive research, currently available therapies remain largely symptomatic, which emphasizes the need to develop novel, disease-modifying strategies. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge on the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of AD and to evaluate therapeutic approaches aimed at its reduction. We discuss molecular mechanisms linking reactive oxygen species to neurodegeneration and present pharmacological strategies such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors and multifunctional agents, as well as natural antioxidants, dietary interventions, and novel therapeutic technologies. We pay particular attention to their efficacy, limitations, and translational challenges. A more profound understanding of oxidative stress-related mechanisms may facilitate the development of combined antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective approaches, offering new perspectives for delaying disease progression and improving patient outcomes.