Porous Structures, Surface Modifications, and Smart Technologies for Total Ankle Arthroplasty: A Narrative Review.

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Bioengineering Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI:10.3390/bioengineering12090955

Joshua M Tennyson, Michael O Sohn, Arun K Movva, Kishen Mitra, Conor N O'Neill, Albert T Anastasio, Samuel B Adams

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Surface engineering and architectural design represent key frontiers in total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) implant development. This narrative review examines biointegration strategies, focusing on porous structures, surface modification techniques, and emerging smart technologies. Optimal porous architectures with 300-600 µm pore sizes facilitate bone ingrowth and osseointegration, while functionally graded structures address regional biomechanical demands. Surface modification encompasses bioactive treatments (such as calcium phosphate coatings), topographical modifications (including micro/nanotexturing), antimicrobial approaches (utilizing metallic ions or antibiotic incorporation), and wear-resistant technologies (such as diamond-like carbon coatings). Multifunctional approaches combine strategies to simultaneously address infection prevention, enhance osseointegration, and improve wear resistance. Emerging technologies include biodegradable scaffolds, biomimetic surface nanotechnology, and intelligent sensor-based monitoring systems. While many innovations remain in the research stage, they demonstrate the potential to establish TAA as a comprehensive alternative to arthrodesis. Successful implant design requires integrated surface engineering tailored to the ankle joint's demanding biomechanical and biological environment.

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全踝关节置换术的多孔结构、表面修饰和智能技术：综述。

表面工程和建筑设计是全踝关节置换术（TAA）植入物发展的关键前沿。这篇叙述性的综述探讨了生物整合策略，重点是多孔结构、表面修饰技术和新兴的智能技术。300-600µm孔径的最佳多孔结构促进骨长入和骨整合，而功能分级结构则满足区域生物力学需求。表面修饰包括生物活性处理（如磷酸钙涂层）、地形修饰（包括微/纳米纹理）、抗菌方法（利用金属离子或抗生素掺入）和耐磨技术（如类金刚石碳涂层）。多功能方法结合策略，同时解决感染预防，增强骨整合，提高耐磨性。新兴技术包括可生物降解支架、仿生表面纳米技术和基于传感器的智能监测系统。虽然许多创新仍处于研究阶段，但它们显示了将TAA作为关节融合术的全面替代方案的潜力。成功的植入物设计需要综合表面工程，以适应踝关节苛刻的生物力学和生物环境。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Bioengineering Chemical Engineering-Bioengineering

CiteScore

4.00

自引率

8.70%

发文量

661

期刊介绍： Aims Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354) provides an advanced forum for the science and technology of bioengineering. It publishes original research papers, comprehensive reviews, communications and case reports. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. All aspects of bioengineering are welcomed from theoretical concepts to education and applications. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. There are, in addition, four key features of this Journal: ● We are introducing a new concept in scientific and technical publications “The Translational Case Report in Bioengineering”. It is a descriptive explanatory analysis of a transformative or translational event. Understanding that the goal of bioengineering scholarship is to advance towards a transformative or clinical solution to an identified transformative/clinical need, the translational case report is used to explore causation in order to find underlying principles that may guide other similar transformative/translational undertakings. ● Manuscripts regarding research proposals and research ideas will be particularly welcomed. ● Electronic files and software regarding the full details of the calculation and experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material. ● We also accept manuscripts communicating to a broader audience with regard to research projects financed with public funds. Scope ● Bionics and biological cybernetics: implantology; bio–abio interfaces ● Bioelectronics: wearable electronics; implantable electronics; “more than Moore” electronics; bioelectronics devices ● Bioprocess and biosystems engineering and applications: bioprocess design; biocatalysis; bioseparation and bioreactors; bioinformatics; bioenergy; etc. ● Biomolecular, cellular and tissue engineering and applications: tissue engineering; chromosome engineering; embryo engineering; cellular, molecular and synthetic biology; metabolic engineering; bio-nanotechnology; micro/nano technologies; genetic engineering; transgenic technology ● Biomedical engineering and applications: biomechatronics; biomedical electronics; biomechanics; biomaterials; biomimetics; biomedical diagnostics; biomedical therapy; biomedical devices; sensors and circuits; biomedical imaging and medical information systems; implants and regenerative medicine; neurotechnology; clinical engineering; rehabilitation engineering ● Biochemical engineering and applications: metabolic pathway engineering; modeling and simulation ● Translational bioengineering