An in-depth investigation for biodiesel production and Knoevenagel condensation using pineapple peels-derived eco-friendly catalyst

IF 3.5 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Research on Chemical Intermediates Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI:10.1007/s11164-025-05660-y

Manisha Chadha, Shazia Hussain, Shiwani Berry

{"title":"An in-depth investigation for biodiesel production and Knoevenagel condensation using pineapple peels-derived eco-friendly catalyst","authors":"Manisha Chadha, Shazia Hussain, Shiwani Berry","doi":"10.1007/s11164-025-05660-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Green catalysts derived from biowastes like agricultural waste or biomass offers a sustainable option compared to catalysts obtained from commercial sources. This study emphasizes the effective synthesis of biodiesel production and Knoevenagel condensation using a sustainable catalyst derived from pineapple peels. The catalyst underwent characterization through a variety of techniques including Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) methods. The catalyst's active sites consist of alkali metal oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates, which are essential for the formation of the desired products. The biodiesel was formed with high percentage conversion rate of 97.5%; however, Knoevenagel products were synthesized with an extremely high percentage yield, i.e. up to 96%. In addition, the products underwent characterization using <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The study delved into the reusability and stability of the catalyst, showing the recyclability of up to four cycles with 79% yield, revealing encouraging results for potential industrial applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":753,"journal":{"name":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","volume":"51 8","pages":"4281 - 4314"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11164-025-05660-y","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Green catalysts derived from biowastes like agricultural waste or biomass offers a sustainable option compared to catalysts obtained from commercial sources. This study emphasizes the effective synthesis of biodiesel production and Knoevenagel condensation using a sustainable catalyst derived from pineapple peels. The catalyst underwent characterization through a variety of techniques including Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) methods. The catalyst's active sites consist of alkali metal oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates, which are essential for the formation of the desired products. The biodiesel was formed with high percentage conversion rate of 97.5%; however, Knoevenagel products were synthesized with an extremely high percentage yield, i.e. up to 96%. In addition, the products underwent characterization using ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The study delved into the reusability and stability of the catalyst, showing the recyclability of up to four cycles with 79% yield, revealing encouraging results for potential industrial applications.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

深入研究菠萝皮衍生的环保催化剂在生物柴油生产和Knoevenagel缩合中的应用

与商业来源的催化剂相比，从农业废物或生物质等生物废物中提取的绿色催化剂提供了一种可持续的选择。本研究强调利用菠萝皮提取的可持续催化剂有效合成生物柴油生产和Knoevenagel缩合。催化剂通过多种技术进行表征，包括傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、x射线衍射（XRD）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）、x射线光电子能谱（XPS）、高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HR-TEM）、布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒（BET）、热重分析（TGA）和能量色散x射线（EDX）方法。催化剂的活性位点由碱金属氧化物、氢氧化物和碳酸盐组成，它们是形成所需产物所必需的。合成的生物柴油转化率高达97.5%；然而，Knoevenagel产品的合成率极高，即高达96%。并用1H和13C核磁共振谱对产物进行了表征。该研究深入研究了催化剂的可重复使用性和稳定性，显示了高达四次循环的可回收性，收率为79%，为潜在的工业应用揭示了令人鼓舞的结果。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Research on Chemical Intermediates 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

18.20%

发文量

229

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Research on Chemical Intermediates publishes current research articles and concise dynamic reviews on the properties, structures and reactivities of intermediate species in all the various domains of chemistry. The journal also contains articles in related disciplines such as spectroscopy, molecular biology and biochemistry, atmospheric and environmental sciences, catalysis, photochemistry and photophysics. In addition, special issues dedicated to specific topics in the field are regularly published.