Defining Scuffing Phases via Friction Evolution and Surface Analysis Through Experiments Using Castor Oil Biolubricant

IF 3.3 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Tribology Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI:10.1007/s11249-025-02073-1

R. H. S. Souza, G. Lasch, A. A. Rodrigues, G. S. Gehlen, L. Y. Barros, J. C. Poletto, P. Stradolini, C. L. Petzhold, N. F. Ferreira, P. D. Neis

{"title":"Defining Scuffing Phases via Friction Evolution and Surface Analysis Through Experiments Using Castor Oil Biolubricant","authors":"R. H. S. Souza, G. Lasch, A. A. Rodrigues, G. S. Gehlen, L. Y. Barros, J. C. Poletto, P. Stradolini, C. L. Petzhold, N. F. Ferreira, P. D. Neis","doi":"10.1007/s11249-025-02073-1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Scuffing is a severe wear mode that occurs under boundary lubrication. This wear mode remains challenging to predict, and no objective criteria have been established in the literature to characterize the evolution of the phenomenon across the distinct phases of frictional behavior. This study proposes a quantitative method to characterize the three typical scuffing phases (stable, incipient, and severe) based on friction force evolution. Block-on-ring tests were conducted using SAE 52100 steel and two biolubricants: pure castor oil (CO) and aminolyzed castor oil (ACO). A mathematical approach was developed by analyzing the variation of friction force (delta friction) across discretized time intervals. Real-time imaging enabled direct correlation between friction behavior and surface damage. SEM/EDS analyses revealed that the material accumulated during severe scuffing consisted of oxidized oil and steel particles. The dynamic of formation and destruction of these accumulated material explains the observed friction instabilities. The proposed method successfully identified all scuffing phases across tests and was validated by consistent morphological and chemical evidence. ACO significantly increased the time to reach severe scuffing compared to CO, with results confirmed by Weibull statistical analysis. The approach presented herein provides a robust and replicable framework for scuffing characterization and supports the application of chemically modified biolubricants as sustainable alternatives with enhanced tribological performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":806,"journal":{"name":"Tribology Letters","volume":"73 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Tribology Letters","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11249-025-02073-1","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Scuffing is a severe wear mode that occurs under boundary lubrication. This wear mode remains challenging to predict, and no objective criteria have been established in the literature to characterize the evolution of the phenomenon across the distinct phases of frictional behavior. This study proposes a quantitative method to characterize the three typical scuffing phases (stable, incipient, and severe) based on friction force evolution. Block-on-ring tests were conducted using SAE 52100 steel and two biolubricants: pure castor oil (CO) and aminolyzed castor oil (ACO). A mathematical approach was developed by analyzing the variation of friction force (delta friction) across discretized time intervals. Real-time imaging enabled direct correlation between friction behavior and surface damage. SEM/EDS analyses revealed that the material accumulated during severe scuffing consisted of oxidized oil and steel particles. The dynamic of formation and destruction of these accumulated material explains the observed friction instabilities. The proposed method successfully identified all scuffing phases across tests and was validated by consistent morphological and chemical evidence. ACO significantly increased the time to reach severe scuffing compared to CO, with results confirmed by Weibull statistical analysis. The approach presented herein provides a robust and replicable framework for scuffing characterization and supports the application of chemically modified biolubricants as sustainable alternatives with enhanced tribological performance.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

用蓖麻油生物润滑剂通过摩擦演化和表面分析来确定磨损阶段

磨损是在边界润滑下发生的一种严重磨损模式。这种磨损模式的预测仍然具有挑战性，并且在文献中没有建立客观的标准来描述这种现象在摩擦行为的不同阶段的演变。本研究提出了一种基于摩擦力演化的定量方法来表征三个典型磨损阶段（稳定阶段、初期阶段和严重阶段）。采用SAE 52100钢和两种生物润滑剂（纯蓖麻油（CO）和氨基水解蓖麻油（ACO））进行了环块试验。通过分析摩擦力（δ摩擦力）在离散时间间隔上的变化，提出了一种数学方法。实时成像可以将摩擦行为与表面损伤直接联系起来。SEM/EDS分析表明，在严重磨损过程中积累的物质由氧化油和钢颗粒组成。这些累积物质的形成和破坏的动力学解释了观察到的摩擦不稳定性。该方法成功地识别了所有磨损阶段，并通过一致的形态和化学证据进行了验证。与CO相比，ACO显著增加了达到严重磨损的时间，Weibull统计分析证实了这一结果。本文提出的方法为磨损表征提供了一个可靠且可复制的框架，并支持化学改性生物润滑剂作为具有增强摩擦学性能的可持续替代品的应用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Tribology Letters 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

9.40%

发文量

116

审稿时长

2.5 months

期刊介绍： Tribology Letters is devoted to the development of the science of tribology and its applications, particularly focusing on publishing high-quality papers at the forefront of tribological science and that address the fundamentals of friction, lubrication, wear, or adhesion. The journal facilitates communication and exchange of seminal ideas among thousands of practitioners who are engaged worldwide in the pursuit of tribology-based science and technology.