Optoelectronic devices with tunable bandgap using hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) with tunable bandgap properties, advancing the field of optoelectronic devices. Unlike previous works that often lacked reproducibility or focused solely on material-level optimizations, we demonstrate precise bandgap control ranging from 1.55 eV to 2.10 eV using a novel layer-by-layer sequential deposition technique. This approach ensures consistent material quality with high crystallinity, confirmed by XRD and SEM analyses, and uniform grain sizes of 200 nm, leading to enhanced charge transport efficiency. In addition, we integrate these optimized perovskites into functional devices, including solar cells, LEDs, and photodetectors, achieving a charge transport efficiency retention of 90% after 72 h and 85% device performance retention after 1000 h under environmental stress. Dual characterization methods, utilizing UV–visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL), provide a robust assessment of bandgap tunability and optical properties. Our encapsulation techniques significantly improve environmental stability, addressing a critical limitation of previous works. The study also demonstrates the scalability of the synthesis process, enabling versatile applications in energy conversion and light-emitting technologies. These contributions establish a pathway for developing highly efficient, durable, and cost-effective optoelectronic devices, paving the way for next-generation perovskite-based applications.

Graphical abstract

Layer-by-layer fabrication of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites with tunable bandgaps for high-efficiency, stable optoelectronic devices