Indira C. B. Pires, Idio A. S. Filho, Celina T. T. Nunes, Severino A. Junior, J. Michael Mathis
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Abstract
Advanced breast cancer, a prevalent and deadly disease, requires innovative approaches for effective diagnosis and treatment. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have emerged as a versatile platform for theranostics, a field that integrates therapeutic and diagnostic functions within a single system to enable precise, personalized medical care. MSNs are valued for their high surface area, ordered pore structure, excellent biocompatibility, and customizable particle and pore sizes. These features make MSNs ideally suited to theranostics. This review explores the latest advancements in the application of MSNs in breast cancer theranostics. The unique structural and functional properties of MSNs are mediated by their surface modifications, as well as their role in enhancing drug delivery, improving imaging capabilities, and providing targeted therapies. The integration of specific imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), computed tomography (CT), photoluminescence (PL), ultrasound (US), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), and fluorescence imaging (FL), with therapeutic agents, including chemotherapeutic drugs and photosensitizers, is discussed in detail. Additional applications for theranostic MSNs are considered, including the development of targeted delivery systems for primary and metastatic diseases to optimize breast cancer treatment. The challenges and prospects of MSN-based theranostic systems, including biocompatibility and clinical translation, are also addressed. In summary, this review highlights the potential of MSNs as a multifunctional delivery platform, enabling personalized treatment strategies for managing breast cancer.
期刊介绍：
The objective of the Journal of Nanoparticle Research is to disseminate knowledge of the physical, chemical and biological phenomena and processes in structures that have at least one lengthscale ranging from molecular to approximately 100 nm (or submicron in some situations), and exhibit improved and novel properties that are a direct result of their small size.
Nanoparticle research is a key component of nanoscience, nanoengineering and nanotechnology.
The focus of the Journal is on the specific concepts, properties, phenomena, and processes related to particles, tubes, layers, macromolecules, clusters and other finite structures of the nanoscale size range. Synthesis, assembly, transport, reactivity, and stability of such structures are considered. Development of in-situ and ex-situ instrumentation for characterization of nanoparticles and their interfaces should be based on new principles for probing properties and phenomena not well understood at the nanometer scale. Modeling and simulation may include atom-based quantum mechanics; molecular dynamics; single-particle, multi-body and continuum based models; fractals; other methods suitable for modeling particle synthesis, assembling and interaction processes. Realization and application of systems, structures and devices with novel functions obtained via precursor nanoparticles is emphasized. Approaches may include gas-, liquid-, solid-, and vacuum-based processes, size reduction, chemical- and bio-self assembly. Contributions include utilization of nanoparticle systems for enhancing a phenomenon or process and particle assembling into hierarchical structures, as well as formulation and the administration of drugs. Synergistic approaches originating from different disciplines and technologies, and interaction between the research providers and users in this field, are encouraged.
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