Fabrication of Hybrid Silver Based Nanostructured Multi-sensor for Cutting Edge Sensitive Detection of Dual Adulterants from Milk System: A Statistically Validated Approach
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Abstract
In this research, a robotic and efficient nanosensor for the sensitive and non-destructive detection of dual milk adulterants is prepared, and their sensing performance is enhanced by capping it with thiourea which created an electrostatic site for capturing of adulterants due to their multiple functionalities. This article addressed the dual-adulterant sensing system because it overcame the limitations of traditional single-adulterant detection methods. This method enhances detection accuracy and provides a more reliable tool for food safety regulation. So for this purpose, a Ag/Cu@thio nanosensor was fabricated by chemical reduction method and characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and UV–vis spectroscopy that confirmed the synthesis of irregular shaped particles with an average size of 86 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the presence of required elements silver, copper, sulfur, and carbon in nanosensor highlighted their purity. Thermogravimetric analysis showed the decomposition event at 424 °C due to degradation of organic material after this plateau indicated the metallic residue left behind. The sensing ability of nanosensor was analyzed against urea and melamine which are common milk adulterants. The nanosensor demonstrated strong detection abilities for melamine and then for urea in milk with detection limits of 10 parts per million (ppm) and 12 ppm and percent recoveries 85% and 83%, respectively. Various experimental parameters, such as time, pH, temperature, and concentration of adsorbent and adsorbate, were optimized to maximize detection efficiency. The results showed that the Ag/Cu@thio nanosensor was more effective for melamine detection due to stronger electrostatic interactions between them as compared to urea. Recycling tests showed that the nanocomposite could be reused with a slight decrease in sensing performance.
期刊介绍：
Food Analytical Methods publishes original articles, review articles, and notes on novel and/or state-of-the-art analytical methods or issues to be solved, as well as significant improvements or interesting applications to existing methods. These include analytical technology and methodology for food microbial contaminants, food chemistry and toxicology, food quality, food authenticity and food traceability. The journal covers fundamental and specific aspects of the development, optimization, and practical implementation in routine laboratories, and validation of food analytical methods for the monitoring of food safety and quality.
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