Naveed Muhammad, Faiza Seraj, Uzma, Iffat Akbar, Ubaid Ullah, Abdul Wadood, Amir Zeb, Khalid Mohammed Khan, Omar S. Bahattab, Yahya S. Al-Awthan, Abdur Rauf
{"title":"Analgesic and anti-inflammatory evaluations of S-naproxen derivatives in animals models supported by molecular docking simulation studies","authors":"Naveed Muhammad, Faiza Seraj, Uzma, Iffat Akbar, Ubaid Ullah, Abdul Wadood, Amir Zeb, Khalid Mohammed Khan, Omar S. Bahattab, Yahya S. Al-Awthan, Abdur Rauf","doi":"10.1186/s43094-025-00884-6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In the current study, various <i>S</i>-naproxen derivatives (NDs) were evaluated for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities using in vivo models, along with molecular docking studies. The analgesic potential was assessed through acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate, and formalin-induced jumping tests. Anti-inflammatory effect was investigated using carrageenan-induced paw edema model. An acute toxicity study was also conducted to ensure safety.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>All tested NDs in different doses were found to be safe in the acute toxicity study. In the acetic acid-induced pain model, NDs (5 mg/kg) showed a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001) analgesic effect with compound <b>3</b> and <b>7</b> demonstrated maximum effect (80%). In hot plate test, compounds<b> 7</b>, <b>8</b>, and <b>9</b> showed central analgesic activity with percent effects of 61, 48 and 45%, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In formalin-induced pain model, all NDs demonstrated significant analgesic activity (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with a stronger effect in the second phase of the test. For anti-inflammatory activity, NDs showed variable effects, with compound <b>7</b> (81.55%) and compound <b>8</b> (80.14%) showing the highest activity in the third hour of the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Molecular docking studies confirmed strong interactions of NDs with both opioid receptors and COX-II enzymes, supporting their peripheral and central analgesic mechanisms.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings suggest that the tested <i>S</i>-naproxen derivatives exhibit significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The combination of in vivo and in silico data supports the analgesic and anti- inflammatory effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://fjps.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43094-025-00884-6","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s43094-025-00884-6","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background
In the current study, various S-naproxen derivatives (NDs) were evaluated for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities using in vivo models, along with molecular docking studies. The analgesic potential was assessed through acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate, and formalin-induced jumping tests. Anti-inflammatory effect was investigated using carrageenan-induced paw edema model. An acute toxicity study was also conducted to ensure safety.
Results
All tested NDs in different doses were found to be safe in the acute toxicity study. In the acetic acid-induced pain model, NDs (5 mg/kg) showed a significant (p < 0.001) analgesic effect with compound 3 and 7 demonstrated maximum effect (80%). In hot plate test, compounds 7, 8, and 9 showed central analgesic activity with percent effects of 61, 48 and 45%, respectively (p < 0.05). In formalin-induced pain model, all NDs demonstrated significant analgesic activity (p < 0.001), with a stronger effect in the second phase of the test. For anti-inflammatory activity, NDs showed variable effects, with compound 7 (81.55%) and compound 8 (80.14%) showing the highest activity in the third hour of the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Molecular docking studies confirmed strong interactions of NDs with both opioid receptors and COX-II enzymes, supporting their peripheral and central analgesic mechanisms.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that the tested S-naproxen derivatives exhibit significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The combination of in vivo and in silico data supports the analgesic and anti- inflammatory effects.
期刊介绍:
Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FJPS) is the official journal of the Future University in Egypt. It is a peer-reviewed, open access journal which publishes original research articles, review articles and case studies on all aspects of pharmaceutical sciences and technologies, pharmacy practice and related clinical aspects, and pharmacy education. The journal publishes articles covering developments in drug absorption and metabolism, pharmacokinetics and dynamics, drug delivery systems, drug targeting and nano-technology. It also covers development of new systems, methods and techniques in pharmacy education and practice. The scope of the journal also extends to cover advancements in toxicology, cell and molecular biology, biomedical research, clinical and pharmaceutical microbiology, pharmaceutical biotechnology, medicinal chemistry, phytochemistry and nutraceuticals.