Electrochemical Synthesis of 3,3′-Diamino-4,4′-azofurazan in Different Electrode and Electrolyte Systems

IF 2.3 4区化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Catalysis Letters Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI:10.1007/s10562-025-05113-6

Huichao He, Xiaoxue Fu, Yujie Guo, Gaili Ke

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Abstract

Since the traditional approaches for 3,3’-diamino-4,4’-azofurazan (DAAF) synthesis are not environment-friendly and economical enough, the development of green and low-cost approaches for the synthesis of DAAF is valuable and significant. Herein, the electrochemical synthesis of DAAF from the oxidation of 3 4-diaminofurazan (DAF) was studied in different electrode and electrolyte systems. It was found that the pH of alkaline aqueous electrolyte, the solvent of electrolyte and electrode play important role in DAF oxidation into DAAF. In an electrochemical cell with graphite sheet anode, Pt wire cathode and DAF/ ⁿBu₄NBF₄/acetonitrile electrolyte, the optimal DAAF yield of 63% and faradic efficiency above 60% (at 1.80 V vs. Ag/AgCl) were achieved. Mechanism investigations revealed that the electrochemical synthesis of DAAF in such an electrochemical cell is originated from the direct oxidation of DAF on graphite anode, not involving radical pathway.

Graphical Abstract

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不同电极和电解质体系下3,3 ' -二氨基-4,4 ' -偶氮呋脲的电化学合成

由于传统的合成3,3 ' -二氨基-4,4 ' -偶氮脲（DAAF）的方法不够环保和经济，因此开发绿色低成本的DAAF合成方法具有重要的价值和意义。本文研究了在不同的电极和电解质体系下，由3 - 4-二氨基呋喃脲（DAF）氧化电化学合成DAAF。结果表明，碱性水溶液电解质的pH值、电解质溶剂和电极对DAF氧化成DAAF有重要影响。在以石墨片为阳极、铂丝为阴极、DAF/ nBu4NBF4/乙腈为电解液的电化学电池中，DAAF产率达到63%，faradic效率达到60%以上（在1.80 V vs. Ag/AgCl）。机理研究表明，在这种电化学电池中，DAAF的电化学合成源于DAF在石墨阳极上的直接氧化，而不涉及自由基途径。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Catalysis Letters 化学-物理化学

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

3.60%

发文量

327

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Catalysis Letters aim is the rapid publication of outstanding and high-impact original research articles in catalysis. The scope of the journal covers a broad range of topics in all fields of both applied and theoretical catalysis, including heterogeneous, homogeneous and biocatalysis. The high-quality original research articles published in Catalysis Letters are subject to rigorous peer review. Accepted papers are published online first and subsequently in print issues. All contributions must include a graphical abstract. Manuscripts should be written in English and the responsibility lies with the authors to ensure that they are grammatically and linguistically correct. Authors for whom English is not the working language are encouraged to consider using a professional language-editing service before submitting their manuscripts.