Phase-amplitude separation of wave function as local gauge transformation

IF 1.8 4区物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Few-Body Systems Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI:10.1007/s00601-025-02002-x

A. R. P. Rau

引用次数: 0

Abstract

A quantum-mechanical wave function is complex, but all observations are real, expressible through expectation values and transition matrix elements that involve the wave functions. It can be useful to separate at the outset the amplitude and phase as real quantities that together carry the same information that is contained in the complex wave function. Two main avenues for doing so go way back in the history of the subject and have been used both for scattering and bound states. A connection is made here to gauge transformations of electrodynamics where the advent of quantum mechanics and later quantum field theory showed the central role that local gauge transformations play in physics.

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作为局域规范变换的波函数相幅分离

量子力学波函数是复杂的，但所有的观测都是真实的，可以通过期望值和涉及波函数的转移矩阵元素来表达。从一开始就把振幅和相位作为实数分开是有用的，它们一起携带着复波函数中包含的相同信息。两种主要的方法可以追溯到这门学科的历史，它们被用于散射和束缚态。这里与电动力学的规范变换建立了联系，量子力学和后来的量子场论的出现表明了局部规范变换在物理学中的核心作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Few-Body Systems 物理-物理：综合

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

18.80%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The journal Few-Body Systems presents original research work – experimental, theoretical and computational – investigating the behavior of any classical or quantum system consisting of a small number of well-defined constituent structures. The focus is on the research methods, properties, and results characteristic of few-body systems. Examples of few-body systems range from few-quark states, light nuclear and hadronic systems; few-electron atomic systems and small molecules; and specific systems in condensed matter and surface physics (such as quantum dots and highly correlated trapped systems), up to and including large-scale celestial structures. Systems for which an equivalent one-body description is available or can be designed, and large systems for which specific many-body methods are needed are outside the scope of the journal. The journal is devoted to the publication of all aspects of few-body systems research and applications. While concentrating on few-body systems well-suited to rigorous solutions, the journal also encourages interdisciplinary contributions that foster common approaches and insights, introduce and benchmark the use of novel tools (e.g. machine learning) and develop relevant applications (e.g. few-body aspects in quantum technologies).