Nitrogen and phosphorus release from a dominant plant in the water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir

IF 1.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Ying Liu, Ziyan Lu, Genghua Wu, Defu Liu, Henglin Xiao, Hong Yang, Heyun Wang, Jinhong Feng
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Abstract

Periodic impoundment in reservoirs leads to vegetation decay and decomposition, which, in turn, affects nutrient release from sediment. The aim of this study is to investigate the nitrogen and phosphorus release characteristics of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., a dominant plant species in the water-level fluctuation (WLF) zone of one of the world’s largest reservoirs, the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), China. A total of 288 live and dead plant samples were subjected to a 120 d submergence experiment at water depths of 0, 3, 6, 10, 20, and 30 m. The dry weights of the plants, as well as the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) contents of the plant samples, were studied. The water environment and microbial structure and function were also analysed. The findings demonstrated that, in contrast to that of the dead vegetation, the dry weight of the live plants exhibited sustained growth throughout the early submergence period. However, the dead plants experienced continuous dry weight loss. The TN content in the live plants peaked at approximately 30 d (15 d at 30 m water depth) post-submergence, followed by a gradual decline, while significantly higher concentrations (P < 0.05) were maintained than the preflooding levels after 120 d of submergence. However, the dead plants presented a gradual decrease in TN, with significant differences among the various water levels after 120 d. The TP content in the live plants first decreased but then increased, whereas in the dead plants it continuously decreased. Significant differences in TN and TP release were observed between the live and dead plants (P < 0.05). Compared with that of the live plants, the decomposition of the dead plants resulted in significantly greater TN release (4.35 ± 0.59 g kg−1). Similarly, the dead plants presented tenfold greater TP release (1.02 ± 0.030 g kg−1) than the live plants (0.09 ± 0.063 g kg−1). The microbial communities, dominated by Actinobacteria (25.3%) and Proteobacteria (24.1%), were found to significantly influence nutrient release. Water environmental factors such as water depth, light intensity, dissolved oxygen, and specific conductivity affected mainly the nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the live plants. This research provides valuable insights into nutrient dynamics in the WLF zone of the TGR and highlights the differential contributions of live and dead plants to nutrient cycling processes.

三峡库区消落带优势植物氮磷释放
水库的周期性蓄水导致植被腐烂和分解,这反过来又影响沉积物中的营养物质释放。本研究的目的是研究短爪蟹(Cynodon dactylon, L.)的氮磷释放特性。珀耳斯。是世界上最大的水库之一——中国三峡水库(TGR)水位波动带的优势植物。在0、3、6、10、20和30 m的水深下,对288份活的和死的植物样品进行了120 d的水下实验。测定植株干重、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)含量。并对水环境、微生物结构和功能进行了分析。研究结果表明,与死亡植被相比,活植物的干重在淹没期早期表现出持续增长。然而,枯死植株经历了连续的干重损失。淹水后约30 d (30 m水深15 d),活株TN含量达到峰值,随后逐渐下降,淹水120 d后仍保持显著高于淹水前水平(P < 0.05)。120 d后,枯死植株全氮含量呈逐渐下降趋势,且不同水位间差异显著。活植株全磷含量先下降后上升,枯死植株全磷含量则持续下降。活株和死株的全氮和总磷释放量差异显著(P < 0.05)。与活植株相比,死植株分解释放的全氮显著增加(4.35±0.59 g kg−1)。死株TP释放量(1.02±0.030 g kg - 1)是活株TP释放量(0.09±0.063 g kg - 1)的10倍。以放线菌门(25.3%)和变形菌门(24.1%)为主的微生物群落对养分释放有显著影响。水深、光照强度、溶解氧和比电导率等水环境因子主要影响活株的氮磷含量。本研究为了解青藏高原高寒带的营养动态提供了有价值的见解,并突出了活植物和死植物对营养循环过程的不同贡献。
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来源期刊
Aquatic Sciences
Aquatic Sciences 环境科学-海洋与淡水生物学
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
4.20%
发文量
60
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Aquatic Sciences – Research Across Boundaries publishes original research, overviews, and reviews dealing with aquatic systems (both freshwater and marine systems) and their boundaries, including the impact of human activities on these systems. The coverage ranges from molecular-level mechanistic studies to investigations at the whole ecosystem scale. Aquatic Sciences publishes articles presenting research across disciplinary and environmental boundaries, including studies examining interactions among geological, microbial, biological, chemical, physical, hydrological, and societal processes, as well as studies assessing land-water, air-water, benthic-pelagic, river-ocean, lentic-lotic, and groundwater-surface water interactions.
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