{"title":"Refinement of β Grains and Dynamic Recrystallization of Ti–3Al–5Mo–4Cr–2Zr–1Fe Alloy during Different Passes Hot Deformation in α+β Phase Region","authors":"Bohan Zhang, Yang Liang, Wenzhe Zhang, Xinyu Xu, Feng Li, Hui Chang","doi":"10.1007/s12540-024-01876-6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study systematically investigates the microstructural evolution and flow softening behavior of the near-β alloy Ti–3Al–5Mo–4Cr–2Zr–1Fe under strain rate of 0.01 s⁻<sup>1</sup> in the α+β phase region, during both single-pass and multi-pass deformation. The results show that an increase in temperature led to a reduction in flow stress, fragmentation of the α phase, and dynamic phase transformation from α to β during single-pass compression. During multi-pass hot compression, as the strain increased, a substantial amount of the α phase underwent spheroidization. The β phase was elongated in the direction orthogonal to the compression axis, accompanied by a decrease in average grain size. The orientation of β grains changed from a random distribution to alignment along the <111> and <001> directions parallel to the compression axis. With an increasing number of passes, the size of β grains was refined from 30.35 μm after single-pass deformation to 18.62 μm after 3-pass. The size of the equiaxed α phase increased significantly, and the geometrically necessary dislocation density in the deformed microstructure correspondingly increased. Dislocations progressively accumulated at grain and subgrain boundaries, and the localized internal stresses acted as a driving force for nucleation, promoting dynamic recrystallization and thereby enhancing the degree of recrystallization. The main softening mechanism during single-pass hot compression was continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX), while both CDRX and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization coexisted during three-pass compression. The intensities of the deformation textures {001} and {111} decreased with the number of passes, showing a negative correlation with the degree of recrystallization.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":703,"journal":{"name":"Metals and Materials International","volume":"31 8","pages":"2315 - 2331"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Metals and Materials International","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12540-024-01876-6","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study systematically investigates the microstructural evolution and flow softening behavior of the near-β alloy Ti–3Al–5Mo–4Cr–2Zr–1Fe under strain rate of 0.01 s⁻1 in the α+β phase region, during both single-pass and multi-pass deformation. The results show that an increase in temperature led to a reduction in flow stress, fragmentation of the α phase, and dynamic phase transformation from α to β during single-pass compression. During multi-pass hot compression, as the strain increased, a substantial amount of the α phase underwent spheroidization. The β phase was elongated in the direction orthogonal to the compression axis, accompanied by a decrease in average grain size. The orientation of β grains changed from a random distribution to alignment along the <111> and <001> directions parallel to the compression axis. With an increasing number of passes, the size of β grains was refined from 30.35 μm after single-pass deformation to 18.62 μm after 3-pass. The size of the equiaxed α phase increased significantly, and the geometrically necessary dislocation density in the deformed microstructure correspondingly increased. Dislocations progressively accumulated at grain and subgrain boundaries, and the localized internal stresses acted as a driving force for nucleation, promoting dynamic recrystallization and thereby enhancing the degree of recrystallization. The main softening mechanism during single-pass hot compression was continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX), while both CDRX and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization coexisted during three-pass compression. The intensities of the deformation textures {001} and {111} decreased with the number of passes, showing a negative correlation with the degree of recrystallization.
期刊介绍:
Metals and Materials International publishes original papers and occasional critical reviews on all aspects of research and technology in materials engineering: physical metallurgy, materials science, and processing of metals and other materials. Emphasis is placed on those aspects of the science of materials that are concerned with the relationships among the processing, structure and properties (mechanical, chemical, electrical, electrochemical, magnetic and optical) of materials. Aspects of processing include the melting, casting, and fabrication with the thermodynamics, kinetics and modeling.