Zinc oxide on biochar wased-drived support as nanocomposite catalyzed synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen-11-one and 5-aminopyrazole-4-carbonitrile derivatives
{"title":"Zinc oxide on biochar wased-drived support as nanocomposite catalyzed synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen-11-one and 5-aminopyrazole-4-carbonitrile derivatives","authors":"Maryam Nouri, Maryam Hajjami, Zahra Siahpour","doi":"10.1007/s13738-025-03264-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study prepared biochar/zinc oxide composite nanoparticles as a reusable and environmentally friendly biocatalyst. The favorable oxygen-containing functional groups, porous structure, and stability of biochar makes it an excellent support for metal phases, enhancing catalytic activity in reactions. Furthermore, the incorporation of zinc oxide nanoparticles provides a synergistic effect, contributing to a higher surface area and improved active sites for catalytic reactions. The composite material was characterized by various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to confirm the formation of the nanocomposite and analyze its morphology. The catalytic performance of the biochar/zinc oxide composite was evaluated in the one-pot, three-component synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthenes-11-one derivatives at 100 °C under solvent-free conditions as well as for 5-aminopyrazole-4-carbonitrile derivatives in a 1:2 ethanol–water mixture at 50 °C. The results suggest that this biocatalyst holds great promise for various applications in environmental remediation and sustainable chemistry because of its high efficiency and reusability.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society","volume":"22 9","pages":"1879 - 1892"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13738-025-03264-2","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study prepared biochar/zinc oxide composite nanoparticles as a reusable and environmentally friendly biocatalyst. The favorable oxygen-containing functional groups, porous structure, and stability of biochar makes it an excellent support for metal phases, enhancing catalytic activity in reactions. Furthermore, the incorporation of zinc oxide nanoparticles provides a synergistic effect, contributing to a higher surface area and improved active sites for catalytic reactions. The composite material was characterized by various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to confirm the formation of the nanocomposite and analyze its morphology. The catalytic performance of the biochar/zinc oxide composite was evaluated in the one-pot, three-component synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthenes-11-one derivatives at 100 °C under solvent-free conditions as well as for 5-aminopyrazole-4-carbonitrile derivatives in a 1:2 ethanol–water mixture at 50 °C. The results suggest that this biocatalyst holds great promise for various applications in environmental remediation and sustainable chemistry because of its high efficiency and reusability.
期刊介绍:
JICS is an international journal covering general fields of chemistry. JICS welcomes high quality original papers in English dealing with experimental, theoretical and applied research related to all branches of chemistry. These include the fields of analytical, inorganic, organic and physical chemistry as well as the chemical biology area. Review articles discussing specific areas of chemistry of current chemical or biological importance are also published. JICS ensures visibility of your research results to a worldwide audience in science. You are kindly invited to submit your manuscript to the Editor-in-Chief or Regional Editor. All contributions in the form of original papers or short communications will be peer reviewed and published free of charge after acceptance.