GC–MS analysis, HPLC–UV analysis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of extracts of wild-growing anabasis salsa native to kazakhstan desert iands

Abstract

Anabasis salsa has been used to treat various diseases in kazakh folk medicine. Petroleum ether and dichloromethane extracts were subjected to GC–MS analysis, and valuable bioactive compounds were identified from the chromatograms. Additionally, butanol extract was subjected to HPLC–UV analysis and it was confirmed the presence of gallic acid. Overall, results confirmed the presence of overall 108 various compounds from different chemical classes: fatty acids and derivatives, steroidal compounds, phenolic compounds and minor group compounds. In this study, A. salsa was preliminarily subjected to extraction, and the resultant extracts were then evaluated for their antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials. The antioxidant activity results of A. salsa demonstrated that the dichloromethane extract exhibited higher activity compared to the butanol and petroleum ether extracts in both methods (DPPH: 503.12 ± 8.34 mg/g and ABTS: 119.51 ± 6.23 mg/g). Moreover, the dichloromethane extract of A. salsa was found to be more effective against all tested microorganisms, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1.250 mg/ml for S. aureus, 0.312 mg/ml for E. faecalis, 0.156 mg/ml for E. coli, 0.039 mg/ml for P. aeruginosa, and 0.009 mg/ml for C. albicans. As a result, A. salsa shows promise as a therapeutic alternative and deserves additional investigation for its possible biological advantages. Beyond its use in separating pure responsible components, this plant may hold additional applications in the field of medicine and research. For example, chemical composition analysis has shown the presence of different biologically active compounds with a broad spectrum of applications in pharmacology. Hence, further investigations are needed to uncover its full range of biological potentials.