Carbon-based nanostructure drug delivery systems and their biologic applications – a review

IF 5.8 3区 材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Hale Alvandi, Anahid Shafie, Fatemeh Najafi, Mahdi Sabzini, Mohammad Mashayekhi, Sahand Hedayati Omami, Mohammad Mahdi Eskandarisani, Shamim Dashti, Alireza Javanmard, Mohammadreza Tajik, Stefan Bräse, Ahmad Reza Farmani
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Abstract

Presently, the majority of cancer treatments are non-specific, leading to undesirable side effects from intense medications. This issue may be addressed through the revolutionary advancement of nanotechnology, which enables the control of materials at the nanoscale. By offering advantages such as customized drug delivery, minimized dose-associated side effects, and extended drug circulation times, nanotechnology has significantly impacted cancer therapy over recent decades. Due to their unique combination of superior optical, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties, carbon-based nanoparticles are emerging as promising tools in cancer research. These nanoparticles also offer ease of modification and a large surface area, making them ideal for efficient drug delivery. These nanoplatforms can serve as carriers for multiple types of molecules, enabling targeted and controlled delivery of pharmaceuticals, nucleotides, and diagnostic agents. The synthesis techniques and functionalization approaches of carbon-based nanostructures, both covalently and noncovalently bound, will be explored in detail within this review. In addition, the properties of carbon nanostructures, their potential for delivering anticancer drugs and genetic material, as well as their antibacterial capabilities, will be analyzed. Lastly, the challenges associated with utilizing carbon nanostructures and future perspectives will be discussed.

Graphical abstract

碳基纳米结构给药系统及其生物学应用综述
目前,大多数癌症治疗都是非特异性的,这导致了高强度药物治疗的不良副作用。这个问题可以通过纳米技术的革命性进步来解决,纳米技术可以在纳米尺度上控制材料。纳米技术提供了诸如定制药物递送、最小化剂量相关副作用和延长药物循环时间等优势,在近几十年来显著影响了癌症治疗。由于其独特的光学、热学、电学和机械性能,碳基纳米颗粒正在成为癌症研究中有前途的工具。这些纳米颗粒还提供易于修饰和大表面积,使其成为有效药物输送的理想选择。这些纳米平台可以作为多种分子的载体,使药物、核苷酸和诊断试剂的靶向和控制递送成为可能。本文将详细探讨碳基纳米结构的合成技术和功能化方法,包括共价和非共价结合。此外,还将分析碳纳米结构的特性,它们在传递抗癌药物和遗传物质方面的潜力,以及它们的抗菌能力。最后,将讨论与利用碳纳米结构相关的挑战和未来的展望。图形抽象
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来源期刊
Carbon Letters
Carbon Letters CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
CiteScore
7.30
自引率
20.00%
发文量
118
期刊介绍: Carbon Letters aims to be a comprehensive journal with complete coverage of carbon materials and carbon-rich molecules. These materials range from, but are not limited to, diamond and graphite through chars, semicokes, mesophase substances, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, graphenes, carbon blacks, activated carbons, pyrolytic carbons, glass-like carbons, etc. Papers on the secondary production of new carbon and composite materials from the above mentioned various carbons are within the scope of the journal. Papers on organic substances, including coals, will be considered only if the research has close relation to the resulting carbon materials. Carbon Letters also seeks to keep abreast of new developments in their specialist fields and to unite in finding alternative energy solutions to current issues such as the greenhouse effect and the depletion of the ozone layer. The renewable energy basics, energy storage and conversion, solar energy, wind energy, water energy, nuclear energy, biomass energy, hydrogen production technology, and other clean energy technologies are also within the scope of the journal. Carbon Letters invites original reports of fundamental research in all branches of the theory and practice of carbon science and technology.
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