Trade liberalization and nutrition transition: how export influences households’ macronutrient consumption in Vietnam

IF 6.2 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Security Pub Date : 2025-06-07 DOI:10.1007/s12571-025-01555-3

Thang T. Vo, Phu-Duyen T. Tran, Dinh X. Nguyen, Thiet-Ha Truong

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Abstract

This study investigates the impact of trade liberalization on the nutrition transition within Vietnamese households from 2002 to 2020. Trade liberalization is quantified using two indices that reflect employment opportunities generated by reductions in export tariffs and increased export volumes. Nutritional outcomes are assessed through calorie intake and macronutrient consumption from both at-home and out-of-home meals, using data from the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey (VHLSS). We measure nutrition transition by the distance between households’ dietary compositions and established nutritional guidelines. Our findings indicate that trade liberalization influences household eating behaviors, shifting preferences from home-cooked meals to dining out, as evidenced by increased household intake of energy, protein (P), fat (F), and carbohydrates (C) from out-of-home meals. Additionally, reductions in export tariffs and the expansion export volumes facilitate a transition toward more balanced diets in Vietnam, demonstrated by a decreased deviation of the P: L: C ratio from the recommended dietary allowances. Policy implications of this research call for integrating trade and health policies to improve food security and implementing food policies that regulate prices and availability to promote balanced diets.

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贸易自由化与营养转型：出口如何影响越南家庭宏量营养素消费

本研究调查了2002年至2020年贸易自由化对越南家庭营养转型的影响。贸易自由化是用两个指数来量化的，这两个指数反映了出口关税降低和出口量增加所产生的就业机会。根据越南家庭生活水平调查（VHLSS）的数据，通过在家和在家外用餐的卡路里摄入量和宏量营养素消耗来评估营养结果。我们通过家庭膳食组成与既定营养指南之间的距离来衡量营养转变。我们的研究结果表明，贸易自由化影响了家庭的饮食行为，将人们的偏好从在家做饭转向外出就餐，这一点可以从家庭从外出就餐中摄入的能量、蛋白质(P)、脂肪(F)和碳水化合物(C)中得到证明。此外，出口关税的降低和出口量的扩大促进了越南向更均衡饮食的过渡，P: L: C比与推荐膳食津贴的偏差减少就证明了这一点。这项研究的政策意义要求将贸易和卫生政策结合起来，以改善粮食安全，并实施调节价格和供应的粮食政策，以促进均衡饮食。

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来源期刊

Food Security FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY-

CiteScore

14.00

自引率

6.00%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Food Security is a wide audience, interdisciplinary, international journal dedicated to the procurement, access (economic and physical), and quality of food, in all its dimensions. Scales range from the individual to communities, and to the world food system. We strive to publish high-quality scientific articles, where quality includes, but is not limited to, the quality and clarity of text, and the validity of methods and approaches. Food Security is the initiative of a distinguished international group of scientists from different disciplines who hold a deep concern for the challenge of global food security, together with a vision of the power of shared knowledge as a means of meeting that challenge. To address the challenge of global food security, the journal seeks to address the constraints - physical, biological and socio-economic - which not only limit food production but also the ability of people to access a healthy diet. From this perspective, the journal covers the following areas: Global food needs: the mismatch between population and the ability to provide adequate nutrition Global food potential and global food production Natural constraints to satisfying global food needs: § Climate, climate variability, and climate change § Desertification and flooding § Natural disasters § Soils, soil quality and threats to soils, edaphic and other abiotic constraints to production § Biotic constraints to production, pathogens, pests, and weeds in their effects on sustainable production The sociological contexts of food production, access, quality, and consumption. Nutrition, food quality and food safety. Socio-political factors that impinge on the ability to satisfy global food needs: § Land, agricultural and food policy § International relations and trade § Access to food § Financial policy § Wars and ethnic unrest Research policies and priorities to ensure food security in its various dimensions.