Synthesis and characterization of biopolymer pectin: zinc nitrate for primary zinc battery application

IF 2.6 4区化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Ionics Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI:10.1007/s11581-025-06447-2

Eswaragomathy S, Selvanayagam S, Kamatchi Devi S, Selvasekarapandian S, Muniraj Vignesh N, Aafrin Hazaana S, Meera Naachiyar R

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of biopolymer pectin: zinc nitrate for primary zinc battery application","authors":"Eswaragomathy S, Selvanayagam S, Kamatchi Devi S, Selvasekarapandian S, Muniraj Vignesh N, Aafrin Hazaana S, Meera Naachiyar R","doi":"10.1007/s11581-025-06447-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>The application of biopolymer electrolytes instead of synthetic polymer electrolytes has been pursued for the development of environmentally friendly and safer electrochemical energy systems, owing to the biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxic characteristics of biopolymer electrolytes. In this research, a membrane composed of pectin and Zn(NO3)2·6H2O is fabricated using solution casting method and characterized through various techniques. The amorphous property of the biopolymer is studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The membrane with a composition of 50% pectin and 50% Zn(NO3)2·6H2O shows the highest degree of amorphous nature. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies confirm the formation of a polymer-salt complex. The highest ionic conductivity of the pectin and Zn(NO3)2·6H2O mixture at a 50:50 ratio is measured to be 7.29 × 10−3 S/cm using AC impedance spectroscopy. The membrane demonstrating the highest zinc ion conductivity shows the lowest glass transition temperature of 50.98 ℃, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. The electrochemical window of the highest ion conducting membrane is found to be 1.9 V, as assessed by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). A primary zinc ion conducting battery is constructed, and the output voltage of the assembled battery is determined to be 1.86 V. The performance of the primary zinc ion battery is measured under various load conditions.</div>","PeriodicalId":599,"journal":{"name":"Ionics","volume":"31 8","pages":"8137 - 8150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ionics","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11581-025-06447-2","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

The application of biopolymer electrolytes instead of synthetic polymer electrolytes has been pursued for the development of environmentally friendly and safer electrochemical energy systems, owing to the biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxic characteristics of biopolymer electrolytes. In this research, a membrane composed of pectin and Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O is fabricated using solution casting method and characterized through various techniques. The amorphous property of the biopolymer is studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The membrane with a composition of 50% pectin and 50% Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O shows the highest degree of amorphous nature. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies confirm the formation of a polymer-salt complex. The highest ionic conductivity of the pectin and Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O mixture at a 50:50 ratio is measured to be 7.29 × 10⁻³ S/cm using AC impedance spectroscopy. The membrane demonstrating the highest zinc ion conductivity shows the lowest glass transition temperature of 50.98 ℃, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. The electrochemical window of the highest ion conducting membrane is found to be 1.9 V, as assessed by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). A primary zinc ion conducting battery is constructed, and the output voltage of the assembled battery is determined to be 1.86 V. The performance of the primary zinc ion battery is measured under various load conditions.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

原锌电池用生物聚合物果胶硝酸锌的合成与表征

由于生物聚合物电解质具有生物可降解性、生物相容性和无毒性等特点，生物聚合物电解质代替合成聚合物电解质的应用已成为发展环境友好和更安全的电化学能源系统的重要途径。本研究采用溶液浇铸法制备了由果胶和Zn(NO3)2·6H2O组成的膜，并通过各种技术对其进行了表征。利用x射线衍射（XRD）研究了生物聚合物的非晶态性质。50%果胶和50% Zn(NO3)2·6H2O组成的膜表现出最高的非晶态性质。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）研究证实了聚合物-盐配合物的形成。用交流阻抗谱法测定了50:50比例下果胶与Zn(NO3)2·6H2O混合物的最高离子电导率为7.29 × 10−3 S/cm。差示扫描量热法（DSC）测定了锌离子电导率最高的膜，其玻璃化转变温度最低，为50.98℃。通过线性扫描伏安法（LSV）测定，发现最高离子导电膜的电化学窗口为1.9 V。构造一次锌离子导电电池，确定组装电池的输出电压为1.86 V。对锌离子电池在各种负载条件下的性能进行了测试。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Ionics 化学-电化学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

7.10%

发文量

427

审稿时长

2.2 months

期刊介绍： Ionics is publishing original results in the fields of science and technology of ionic motion. This includes theoretical, experimental and practical work on electrolytes, electrode, ionic/electronic interfaces, ionic transport aspects of corrosion, galvanic cells, e.g. for thermodynamic and kinetic studies, batteries, fuel cells, sensors and electrochromics. Fast solid ionic conductors are presently providing new opportunities in view of several advantages, in addition to conventional liquid electrolytes.