{"title":"Hybrid hyperspectral imaging with surface hardness for recognizing Spatial deterioration of discontinuous carbonate rock slope","authors":"Chiwei Chen, Haiqing Yang, Lichuan Chen, Guizhong Huang, Jianghua Ni, Yulin Zou","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04445-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The presence of fractures in discontinuous carbonate rock slopes affects the mechanical properties, which are vital for analyzing the deterioration of hydro-fluctuation belt. However, the spatial deterioration difference of rock mass discontinuities with the environment of reservoir water level fluctuation remains poorly understood. To investigate the deterioration of hydro-fluctuation belt, the phenomenon that the degree of water-rock interaction weakens with elevation is verified by the strength characteristics of the rock mass. Considering that chemical dissolution plays a non-negligible role in the deterioration of carbonate rock, the correlation was constructed between the spectral response based on chemical composition and the mechanical properties characterized by Schmidt hammer rebound value. The comparison shows that the normalized differential spectral index is optimal for describing this correlation. Subsequently, the discontinuities of rock mass can be distinguished as high hardness, low hardness, micro-fracture, and opening using the SG-CARS-PLS inversion model with nine characteristic wavelengths. The findings demonstrate that the characteristics of rock mass discontinuities can be quantified by the constructed spectral index. The development rate of the micro-fracture and opening areas obtained from spectral identification increases with the submergence frequency of water level. The deterioration of the carbonate rock slope progresses from micro-fractures to openings, and ultimately to the intersection of fractures. These evolutions are controlled by the stratification plane. As a result, identifying fractures on discontinuities is critical for assessing the deterioration of carbonate rock hydro-fluctuation belt. It serves as a warning sign of geological hazards in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10064-025-04445-2","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The presence of fractures in discontinuous carbonate rock slopes affects the mechanical properties, which are vital for analyzing the deterioration of hydro-fluctuation belt. However, the spatial deterioration difference of rock mass discontinuities with the environment of reservoir water level fluctuation remains poorly understood. To investigate the deterioration of hydro-fluctuation belt, the phenomenon that the degree of water-rock interaction weakens with elevation is verified by the strength characteristics of the rock mass. Considering that chemical dissolution plays a non-negligible role in the deterioration of carbonate rock, the correlation was constructed between the spectral response based on chemical composition and the mechanical properties characterized by Schmidt hammer rebound value. The comparison shows that the normalized differential spectral index is optimal for describing this correlation. Subsequently, the discontinuities of rock mass can be distinguished as high hardness, low hardness, micro-fracture, and opening using the SG-CARS-PLS inversion model with nine characteristic wavelengths. The findings demonstrate that the characteristics of rock mass discontinuities can be quantified by the constructed spectral index. The development rate of the micro-fracture and opening areas obtained from spectral identification increases with the submergence frequency of water level. The deterioration of the carbonate rock slope progresses from micro-fractures to openings, and ultimately to the intersection of fractures. These evolutions are controlled by the stratification plane. As a result, identifying fractures on discontinuities is critical for assessing the deterioration of carbonate rock hydro-fluctuation belt. It serves as a warning sign of geological hazards in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.
期刊介绍：
Engineering geology is defined in the statutes of the IAEG as the science devoted to the investigation, study and solution of engineering and environmental problems which may arise as the result of the interaction between geology and the works or activities of man, as well as of the prediction of and development of measures for the prevention or remediation of geological hazards. Engineering geology embraces:
• the applications/implications of the geomorphology, structural geology, and hydrogeological conditions of geological formations;
• the characterisation of the mineralogical, physico-geomechanical, chemical and hydraulic properties of all earth materials involved in construction, resource recovery and environmental change;
• the assessment of the mechanical and hydrological behaviour of soil and rock masses;
• the prediction of changes to the above properties with time;
• the determination of the parameters to be considered in the stability analysis of engineering works and earth masses.
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