Optimized adsorption of Acid Green 25 (AG-25) dye using zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles: a Response Surface Methodology approach

IF 1.7 4区化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Transition Metal Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI:10.1007/s11243-025-00636-8

Naureen Hussain, Mahnoor Zeb, Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Zeeshan, F. Akbar Jan

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Abstract

This study explores the synthesis, characterization, and optimization of zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS-NPs) for the adsorption of Acid Green 25 (AG-25) dye from wastewater. ZnS-NPs were synthesized via the co-precipitation method and characterized by SEM, EDX, UV–Vis, FTIR, and XRD analyses, confirming a granular hierarchical structure, high purity showing a significant absorption peak at 310 nm and face-centered cubic crystal lattice with characteristic peaks matching with JCPDS file number 5-0566. The calculated band gap was 3.5 eV and the point of zero charge (PZC) was 5.84 indicating pH-dependent surface charge properties. Maximum adsorption was achieved using 0.3 g of ZnS-NPs adsorbent dose and 10 ppm of dye at pH 3 in 30 min; adsorption process followed the pseudo-first-order model (R² = 0.997) suggesting physisorption, while followed isotherm model was Temkin isotherm with R² = 0.8202 describing the adsorption equilibrium highlighting interactions between adsorbate molecules. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimization was used with Central Composite Design (CCD) to evaluate four factors such as pH, adsorbent dose, dye concentration and contact time to maximize adsorption efficiency. ANOVA analysis revealed a highly significant quadratic model (p < 0.0001) with optimal conditions for dye removal and validated experimentally with a negligible error of 1.2% compared to predicted values. The RSM model demonstrated high predictive accuracy with R² = 0.9784 and an insignificant lack of fit (p = 0.1337) underscoring ZnS-NPs as a robust, cost-effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent for industrial wastewater treatment.

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硫化锌纳米颗粒对酸性绿25 （AG-25）染料的优化吸附：响应面法

研究了用于吸附废水中酸性绿25 （AG-25）染料的硫化锌纳米颗粒（ZnS-NPs）的合成、表征和优化。采用共沉淀法合成了ZnS-NPs，并通过SEM、EDX、UV-Vis、FTIR和XRD等分析对其进行了表征，证实其具有颗粒状层次结构，纯度高，在310 nm处有明显的吸收峰，具有面心立方晶格，特征峰与JCPDS文件号5-0566相匹配。计算得到的带隙为3.5 eV，零电荷点（PZC）为5.84，表明其表面电荷性质与ph有关。ZnS-NPs吸附剂用量为0.3 g，染料浓度为10 ppm， pH为3，吸附时间为30 min，吸附效果最佳；吸附过程符合拟一阶吸附模型（R2 = 0.997），说明吸附过程为物理吸附过程；所遵循的等温线模型为Temkin等温线模型（R2 = 0.8202），描述吸附平衡，强调吸附质分子之间的相互作用。采用响应面法（RSM）优化，结合中心复合设计（CCD）对pH、吸附剂剂量、染料浓度和接触时间等4个因素进行优化，以达到最大的吸附效果。方差分析显示了一个高度显著的二次模型（p < 0.0001），具有最佳的去除染料的条件，并且与预测值相比，实验验证的误差可以忽略不计，只有1.2%。RSM模型显示出较高的预测精度（R2 = 0.9784）和不显著的拟合缺失（p = 0.1337），这表明ZnS-NPs是一种稳定、经济、环保的工业废水处理吸附剂。

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来源期刊

Transition Metal Chemistry 化学-无机化学与核化学

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

1.3 months

期刊介绍： Transition Metal Chemistry is an international journal designed to deal with all aspects of the subject embodied in the title: the preparation of transition metal-based molecular compounds of all kinds (including complexes of the Group 12 elements), their structural, physical, kinetic, catalytic and biological properties, their use in chemical synthesis as well as their application in the widest context, their role in naturally occurring systems etc. Manuscripts submitted to the journal should be of broad appeal to the readership and for this reason, papers which are confined to more specialised studies such as the measurement of solution phase equilibria or thermal decomposition studies, or papers which include extensive material on f-block elements, or papers dealing with non-molecular materials, will not normally be considered for publication. Work describing new ligands or coordination geometries must provide sufficient evidence for the confident assignment of structural formulae; this will usually take the form of one or more X-ray crystal structures.