Synthesis and characterization of europium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles: microstructural, optical band-gap and dielectric properties

IF 3.2 4区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI:10.1007/s10971-025-06859-6

Houcine Labiadh, Wael Chouk, Sonia Louiz, Tariq Altalhi, Amine Mezni

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Abstract

Using the concept of nucleation doping, rare earth metal doped zinc oxide (Eu/ZnO) nanoparticles were prepared in aqueous phase at 80 °C for a weight percent (10%) doping and characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy to determine the morphology of the obtained nanoparticles, analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-IR spectroscopy. The energy difference (Eg) of the samples was estimated by means of the UV-visible technique by application of the Tauc equation. The study of the dynamic load of the structures studied shows that the edges of the insulators have a great influence on technical resistance. In addition, the electrical properties and relaxation phenomena are identical. Elliott was the first to introduce the “conductivity spectrum”, which he successfully explained with the “jump correlated barrier” model. These spectra of the material obtained at different temperatures are determined by Bruce’s law (double power of Jonscher). The study of the electrical conductivity in continuous mode reveals the semiconducting (SC) character of the nanoparticles. The conductivity of the SC is activated by a hopping phenomenon of small polarons at high temperature. The contribution of conductive grains and resistive boundary regions to the ZnO/Eu transport phenomena is explained by the Nyquist configuration. From this study, it can be concluded that the jump and relaxation processes are thermally activated. These results suggest that the prepared NPs could be considered as a promising candidate for different electronic applications, especially photovoltaic and supercapacitor materials.

Graphical Abstract

Abstract Image

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掺铕氧化锌纳米粒子的合成与表征：微观结构、光学带隙和介电性能

采用成核掺杂的概念，在80℃的水相中制备了稀土金属掺杂氧化锌（Eu/ZnO）纳米粒子，掺杂量为重量%(10%)，通过x射线衍射、透射电子显微镜测定所得纳米粒子的形貌，x射线光电子能谱（XPS）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）对其进行了分析。利用Tauc方程，利用紫外可见技术估计了样品的能差（Eg）。对所研究结构动荷载的研究表明，绝缘子边缘对技术阻力有很大的影响。此外，电学性质和弛豫现象是相同的。埃利奥特是第一个引入“电导率谱”的人，他用“跳跃相关势垒”模型成功地解释了这一概念。所得材料在不同温度下的光谱由布鲁斯定律（Jonscher的双重幂）决定。在连续模式下的电导率研究揭示了纳米颗粒的半导体特性。SC的电导率是由小极化子在高温下的跳变现象激活的。导电晶粒和电阻边界区对ZnO/Eu输运现象的贡献可以用Nyquist结构来解释。从这项研究可以得出结论，跳跃和松弛过程是热激活的。这些结果表明，所制备的NPs可以被认为是不同电子应用，特别是光伏和超级电容器材料的有希望的候选者。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

4.00%

发文量

280

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： The primary objective of the Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology (JSST), the official journal of the International Sol-Gel Society, is to provide an international forum for the dissemination of scientific, technological, and general knowledge about materials processed by chemical nanotechnologies known as the "sol-gel" process. The materials of interest include gels, gel-derived glasses, ceramics in form of nano- and micro-powders, bulk, fibres, thin films and coatings as well as more recent materials such as hybrid organic-inorganic materials and composites. Such materials exhibit a wide range of optical, electronic, magnetic, chemical, environmental, and biomedical properties and functionalities. Methods for producing sol-gel-derived materials and the industrial uses of these materials are also of great interest.