Phase and tribological behavior of Al0.5Ti2NbVZrx lightweight refractory HEA coatings

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132731

Ruirui Dai , Hainan Wang , Ao Wei , Heran Geng , Xiaohui Zhao , Abul Fazal Muhammad Arif , Junfeng Yuan

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Abstract

To extend the service life of high-temperature components, lightweight refractory high-entropy alloy (LRHEA) coatings of Al_0.5Ti₂NbVZr_x (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5) were prepared on Ti6Al4V substrates by laser cladding. Their microstructure, phase composition, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior over a wide temperature range were systematically investigated. The results showed that the Zr addition is correlated with the suppression of needle-like BCC precipitates. A single β phase with BCC structure was obtained at x = 0.5, whereas excessive Zr content (x ≥ 1) induced the Al₂Zr precipitation. The microhardness was improved from 505.53 HV_0.3 (Zr₀) to 715.97 HV_0.3 (Zr_1.5) with Zr content elevation, while nanoindentation revealed enhanced resistance to plastic deformation, primarily attributed to solid-solution strengthening and grain refinement. Furthermore, secondary phase strengthening was evident in the Zr₁ and Zr_1.5 coatings. The Zr_0.5 coating demonstrated the best wear resistance at 25 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C. Especially at 600 °C, the wear rate reached its lowest value of 3.04 × 10⁻⁵ mm³/(N·m). XPS analysis revealed that a uniform and compact oxide layer consisting of ZrO₂, Al₂O₃, and TiO₂ formed on the surface of the Zr_0.5 coating during the wear process, indicating that appropriate Zr addition enhanced its high-temperature wear resistance. This study offers valuable guidance on the design of Zr-doped LRHEA coatings for high-temperature friction applications.

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Al0.5Ti2NbVZrx轻质难熔HEA涂层的物相及摩擦学行为

为了延长高温部件的使用寿命，采用激光熔覆的方法在Ti6Al4V基体上制备了Al0.5Ti2NbVZrx （x = 0,0.5, 1,1.5）轻质耐火高熵合金（LRHEA）涂层。系统地研究了它们的微观结构、相组成、力学性能和在宽温度范围内的摩擦学行为。结果表明，Zr的加入对针状BCC的抑制作用显著。在x = 0.5时得到具有BCC结构的单一β相，而过量的Zr含量（x≥1）导致Al2Zr析出。随着Zr含量的增加，合金的显微硬度从505.53 HV0.3 （Zr0）提高到715.97 HV0.3 (Zr1.5)，而纳米压痕的抗塑性变形能力增强，主要是由于固溶强化和晶粒细化所致。此外，Zr1和Zr1.5涂层中有明显的二次相强化。Zr0.5涂层在25°C、400°C和600°C时表现出最佳的耐磨性。特别是在600℃时，磨损率达到最低点，为3.04 × 10−5 mm3/（N·m）。XPS分析表明，在磨损过程中，Zr0.5涂层表面形成了由ZrO2、Al2O3和TiO2组成的均匀致密的氧化层，表明适当的Zr添加增强了涂层的高温耐磨性。该研究为高温摩擦涂层的设计提供了有价值的指导。

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来源期刊

Surface & Coatings Technology 工程技术-材料科学：膜

CiteScore

10.00

自引率

11.10%

发文量

921

审稿时长

19 days

期刊介绍： Surface and Coatings Technology is an international archival journal publishing scientific papers on significant developments in surface and interface engineering to modify and improve the surface properties of materials for protection in demanding contact conditions or aggressive environments, or for enhanced functional performance. Contributions range from original scientific articles concerned with fundamental and applied aspects of research or direct applications of metallic, inorganic, organic and composite coatings, to invited reviews of current technology in specific areas. Papers submitted to this journal are expected to be in line with the following aspects in processes, and properties/performance: A. Processes: Physical and chemical vapour deposition techniques, thermal and plasma spraying, surface modification by directed energy techniques such as ion, electron and laser beams, thermo-chemical treatment, wet chemical and electrochemical processes such as plating, sol-gel coating, anodization, plasma electrolytic oxidation, etc., but excluding painting. B. Properties/performance: friction performance, wear resistance (e.g., abrasion, erosion, fretting, etc), corrosion and oxidation resistance, thermal protection, diffusion resistance, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and properties relevant to smart materials behaviour and enhanced multifunctional performance for environmental, energy and medical applications, but excluding device aspects.